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No person shall be held to answer for a capital, or otherwise infamous crime, unless on a presentment or indictment of a Grand Jury; nor shall any person be subject for the same offence to be twice put in jeopardy of life or limb; nor shall be compelled in any criminal case to be a witness against himself, nor be deprived of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law; nor shall private property be taken for public use, without just compensation.
Key Points
- Grand jury indictment required for serious crimes.
- Protection against double jeopardy and self-incrimination.
- Guarantees due process of law and just compensation for private property.
Historical Background
Adopted in 1791, the Fifth Amendment reflected colonial concerns about unfair trials, government abuse, and property seizure without consent.
Modern Relevance
It continues to protect individuals in criminal and civil proceedings, including Miranda rights and eminent domain cases.