Text
The enumeration in the Constitution, of certain rights, shall not be construed to deny or disparage others retained by the people.
Key Points
- Protects rights not specifically listed in the Constitution.
- Ensures that enumerated rights do not limit other personal freedoms.
Historical Background
Ratified in 1791, the Ninth Amendment was intended to reassure that citizens retained broad personal liberties beyond the explicitly stated rights.
Modern Relevance
The amendment supports interpretation of unenumerated rights, such as privacy and personal autonomy, in legal decisions.