Contents

Country Overview

Uganda, officially the Republic of Uganda, is a landlocked East African country in the African Great Lakes region. It borders South Sudan, Kenya, Tanzania, Rwanda and the Democratic Republic of the Congo, and its capital is Kampala. Uganda became independent from the United Kingdom on October 9, 1962 and adopted a republican form of government in 1963. Its economy relies on agriculture, services, mineral processing, manufacturing, tourism and trade; gold and coffee are particularly important merchandise exports. President Yoweri Museveni began a new term in May 2026, while Robinah Nabbanja is prime minister. [6] [2] [7] [12] [11]

Reference status: Contemporary edition • Verified: November 6, 2026 • Statistical dates indicate the observation or estimate year, not the webpage verification date.

CapitalKampalaNational capital [6]
Population51,384,8942025 World Bank estimate [1]
Total area241,550 km²UN surface-area convention [6]
Nominal GDPUS$61.99 billion2025 World Bank [1]
GDP per capitaUS$1,206.32025 World Bank [1]
CurrencyUgandan shillingUGX [6]

Population-series caution: Uganda’s official May 2024 census counted 45,905,417 people, while the World Bank’s 2025 estimation series lists 51,384,894. The size of the difference reflects different estimates and statistical bases, not a measured one-year increase. Likewise, calendar-year GDP, fiscal-year national exports and calendar-year WTO trade data are identified separately below. [3] [1] [8] [7]

Identity and State Formation

Official name
Republic of Uganda. [6] [10]
Common name
Uganda. [6]
Continent
Africa; eastern African subregion. [6]
Capital
Kampala, administered as the national capital. [10] [6]
Largest urban center
Kampala metropolitan area, the country’s principal commercial and governmental hub. [6]
Other important cities
Gulu, Jinja, Mbarara, Mbale, Arua, Fort Portal, Masaka, Hoima and Entebbe.
Standard country codes
UG (ISO alpha-2) and UGA (ISO alpha-3).
International telephone code
+256.
Internet country domain
.ug.
Currency
Ugandan shilling (UGX). [6]
Currency subdivisions
One shilling is traditionally divided into 100 cents; cents are not routinely used in modern cash payments.
Independence from Britain
October 9, 1962, ending British colonial rule. [6]
Independence Day
October 9 (national public holiday). [6]
British protectorate declared
1894; earlier and later treaties extended British colonial authority over different communities.
Republic established
1963; the ceremonial presidency replaced the British monarch as head of state.
First president
Edward Mutesa II, the Kabaka of Buganda, appointed as Uganda’s first president in 1963.
Precolonial political formations
The Buganda, Bunyoro, Toro and Ankole kingdoms, alongside many other societies and political systems, predated the modern state.
Colonial-period boundaries
The protectorate united regions with distinct historical political institutions and languages.
Early independence politics
Milton Obote served as prime minister; political conflict reshaped the state in the 1960s.
1966 constitutional crisis
Obote’s confrontation with the Buganda monarchy changed the balance between central authority and kingdoms.
1971 military coup
Idi Amin seized power, beginning a period of authoritarian rule and widespread violence.
1979 political change
A Tanzanian-backed military campaign and Ugandan exile forces overthrew Amin.
1980s civil conflict
Political and armed struggles preceded the National Resistance Movement’s takeover in 1986.
1986 change of government
Yoweri Museveni and the National Resistance Movement came to national power. [12]
Current constitution
Adopted in 1995 and subsequently amended. [10]
Return of multiparty electoral politics
The 2005 referendum and subsequent reforms reopened competitive party politics, with multiparty elections from 2006.
Latest presidential election
January 15, 2026, followed by inauguration on May 12. [12] [15]
Current presidential term
2026–2031; President Museveni was inaugurated for a seventh elected term in 2026. [12]
National flag
Six horizontal black, yellow and red stripes, with a central white disk bearing the grey crowned crane.
National anthem
“Oh Uganda, Land of Beauty.”
National motto
“For God and My Country.”
United Nations admission
October 25, 1962. [6]

Geography and Population

Subregion
Eastern Africa; part of the African Great Lakes region. [6] [2]
Landlocked status
Uganda has no coastline on an ocean. [2]
Northern neighbor
South Sudan. [2]
Eastern neighbor
Kenya. [2]
Southern neighbor
Tanzania. [2]
Southwestern neighbor
Rwanda. [2]
Western neighbor
Democratic Republic of the Congo. [2]
Total surface area
241,550 km², UN reference convention. [6]
Alternative national area convention
Ugandan national publications use approximately 241,551–241,555 km² depending on water and land definitions. [5] [24]
Water and wetlands area
41,743 km² in the UBOS country-profile convention; water and swamp definitions vary between national publications. [5]
Approximate land area
About 199,800 km² when the 41,743 km² water-and-swamp convention is subtracted from total area. [5] [6]
Equatorial position
The equator passes through southern Uganda. [2]
Major physiographic zone
East African Plateau, with substantial variations in elevation. [2]
Major lake
Lake Victoria, shared with Tanzania and Kenya. [2]
Other major lakes
Lakes Albert, Edward, Kyoga and George.
Nile drainage
The Victoria Nile flows northward from Lake Victoria through Uganda into the Albert Nile system.
Jinja
City near the Lake Victoria outlet of the Victoria Nile; a major industrial and transport location.
Rwenzori Mountains
Mountain range on the western border with the Democratic Republic of the Congo. [18]
Highest mountain region
Rwenzori’s Mount Stanley, with Margherita Peak rising to about 5,109 meters above sea level. [18]
Mount Elgon
High volcanic massif along Uganda’s eastern border with Kenya.
Western rift valley
Albertine Rift system, important for lakes, biodiversity and petroleum resources. [2]
Climate
Mostly tropical with highland and lake-modified differences in rainfall and temperature. [2]
Rainfall patterns
Most regions have distinct wet and dry periods; the timing varies across the country.
Principal vegetation
Tropical forest, savanna, grassland, woodland and wetland ecosystems. [18]
Bwindi forest
Mountain forest ecosystem notable for endangered mountain gorillas. [18]
Agricultural landscape
Smallholder farming, cash crops and livestock occur across diverse agroecological zones. [2]
National parks
Bwindi, Queen Elizabeth, Murchison Falls, Kidepo Valley and Rwenzori Mountains are major protected areas. [18]
2024 population census
45,905,417 people enumerated in May 2024. [3]
2014 population census
34,634,650 people. [4]
2024 census annual growth
2.9% average annual intercensal population growth, 2014–2024. [4]
World Bank population estimate
51,384,894 people for 2025, based on an international estimation series. [1]
UBOS projected population
50,256,600 projected at year-end 2026; a projection rather than an observed census total. [5]
Population-series caution
The 2025 World Bank estimate is materially above the 2024 census; different modeling baselines and methods mean the gap is not one year’s measured population growth. [1] [3]
2024 counted households
10,698,913 total households. [3]
2024 census male population
22,314,289. [5]
2024 census female population
23,591,128. [5]
2024 population density
190 persons per km², UBOS census measurement. [5]
Youthful age structure
Approximately half of residents were younger than 18 in the 2024 census. [4]
Older population
Approximately 5% were age 60 or above in the 2024 census. [4]
Life expectancy
Approximately 68 years at birth, World Bank 2024 series. [1]
Urbanization dynamics
Kampala and secondary cities are growing, while much of the population remains in rural areas. [2]
Population measurement policy
Census counts, international midyear estimates and forward projections must be labeled with their distinct dates and methods. [3] [1] [5]

Economy and International Trade

Economic group
Low-income economy as characterized in the World Bank country overview. [2]
Nominal GDP
US$61.99 billion, World Bank 2025 current-U.S.-dollar series. [1]
GDP per capita
US$1,206.3, 2025 current U.S. dollars. [1]
Real GDP growth
6.3% in 2025, World Bank calendar-year series. [1]
GDP growth, fiscal period
Approximately 6.4% for fiscal 2025/26 in the World Bank country overview; a different period from calendar 2025. [2]
Consumer-price inflation
3.6% annual inflation, 2025 World Bank series. [1]
Modeled unemployment
2.7% of labor force in the 2025 World Bank/ILO-modeled series. [1]
National census unemployment
12.3% among persons age 15 and above in Uganda’s 2024 census indicator; different methodology from the ILO modeled figure. [4]
Employment structure
Agriculture supports livelihoods for a large share of workers, particularly in rural communities. [2]
Agriculture’s economic role
World Bank overview estimates agriculture at about one-quarter of GDP. [2]
Principal agricultural export
Coffee, especially green coffee beans. [7]
Other agricultural products
Cocoa, tea, maize, sugar, horticulture and livestock products. [7] [2]
Largest recorded merchandise export category
Semi-manufactured non-monetary gold, 42.0% of 2024 WTO-recorded goods exports. [7]
Second main merchandise export
Unroasted, non-decaffeinated coffee, 19.2% of 2024 WTO-recorded goods exports. [7]
Coffee export value, 2024
US$1,547.0 million in the leading WTO HS-6 coffee category. [7]
Semi-manufactured gold export value
US$3,377.4 million in the leading WTO HS-6 category, 2024. [7]
Cocoa-bean export value
US$306.1 million in 2024 WTO/UN Comtrade reporting. [7]
Other manufacturing exports
Processed sugar, petroleum preparations, Portland cement and metal products. [7]
Merchandise exports, 2024
US$8,039.3 million, WTO/UN Comtrade calendar-year reporting. [7]
Merchandise imports, 2024
US$13,832.9 million, same WTO series. [7]
Merchandise trade balance, 2024
Deficit of approximately US$5,793.6 million, computed from cited WTO goods totals. [7]
Separate fiscal-year export report
Ugandan Ministry of Finance reported US$10.635 billion in merchandise export receipts in FY2024/25; this is a different accounting period from calendar 2024. [8]
Fiscal-year export growth
36.0% increase in merchandise export receipts in FY2024/25 compared with FY2023/24, per Ministry of Finance. [8]
Main export market, 2024
United Arab Emirates, 32.5% of recorded Ugandan merchandise exports. [7]
Second largest selected market
European Union, 16.6% of 2024 recorded merchandise exports. [7]
Principal import origin
China, 19.6% of 2024 recorded merchandise imports. [7]
Other import origins
Tanzania, United Arab Emirates, India, European Union, Kenya and South Africa. [7]
Regional export markets
Kenya, South Sudan, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Rwanda and Tanzania. [7]
Trade coverage distinction
Merchandise totals omit tourism, transportation, remittances and other services or transfers. [7] [2]
Gold-trade interpretation
Gold-product receipts include processed and re-exported material; export values should not be assumed to represent only gold mined in Uganda. [7] [2]
Tourism industry
National parks, primate trekking, birdlife, culture and business travel provide foreign-exchange earnings. [2] [18]
Industrial sectors
Agroprocessing, food and beverages, construction materials, textiles, pharmaceuticals and manufacturing. [2]
Mineral resources
Gold, copper, cobalt, iron and other minerals are identified in World Bank economic reporting. [2]
Oil development
Albertine Graben petroleum projects include Tilenga, Kingfisher and associated infrastructure. [2]
First crude-oil exports
World Bank country overview anticipates the beginning of crude-oil exports in early 2027; not current production receipts as of November 2026. [2]
East African Crude Oil Pipeline
EACOP is intended to move Ugandan crude to the Tanzanian coast as part of the petroleum development program. [2]
Hydroelectric resources
Hydropower from Nile basin facilities provides an important part of electricity generation.
Electricity access, 2024 census
Approximately 53.4% of households had electricity access via grid or solar lighting under the cited census household measure. [4]
2024 grid electricity component
25.3% of households under the cited 2024 census measure. [4]
2024 solar component
28.1% of households under the cited 2024 census measure. [4]
Development plan
Fourth National Development Plan (NDP IV) began July 2025, covering the 2025/26–2029/30 planning cycle. [2]
Principal development priorities
Value addition, jobs, industrialization, agriculture, infrastructure and human capital. [2]
Fiscal challenges
Public debt servicing, domestic revenue collection, infrastructure finance and social spending are identified in the World Bank overview. [2] [9]
Nominal GDP definition
Current-price annual output, not wages, household income or a measure of living standards. [1]
GDP-per-capita definition
Nominal GDP divided by estimated population; not an average personal salary. [1]

Leading merchandise exports — 2024

The WTO/UN Comtrade profile records US$8,039.3 million of 2024 Ugandan merchandise exports. Product categories use the six-digit Harmonized System (HS), rather than entire agricultural or industrial sectors. [7]

Uganda: selected merchandise export products (WTO / UN Comtrade, 2024)
Export product, HS-6 categoryUS$ millionShare of total goods exports
Semi-manufactured non-monetary gold3,377.442.0%
Unroasted, non-decaffeinated coffee1,547.019.2%
Cocoa beans306.13.8%
Refined sugar and other solid sucrose148.81.9%
Light petroleum oils and preparations133.61.7%
Portland cement (non-white)85.01.1%
Maize flour72.10.9%
Palm oil and fractions, excluding crude57.90.7%
Fresh or chilled Nile perch fillets52.50.7%
Deformed reinforcing iron or non-alloy steel bars51.80.6%

Leading merchandise export destinations — 2024

Destination shares use the same calendar-year merchandise series and should not be combined with fiscal-year national accounts or services trade. [7] [8]

Uganda: leading recorded merchandise export destinations (2024)
MarketUS$ millionShare of total goods exports
United Arab Emirates2,609.432.5%
European Union1,331.416.6%
Kenya589.67.3%
Hong Kong, China519.46.5%
South Sudan490.16.1%
Democratic Republic of the Congo478.35.9%
India459.45.7%
Rwanda269.33.3%
Tanzania165.42.1%
United States136.71.7%

Trade methodology: The WTO table measures 2024 calendar-year goods only, while Uganda’s Ministry of Finance reports FY2024/25 export receipts, a 12-month fiscal period spanning parts of two calendar years. Gold exports include processed material, so reported gold-export value is not a direct estimate of domestic mine production. [7] [8]

People and Society

First official language
English under Article 6 of the Constitution. [10]
Second official language
Kiswahili (Swahili), recognized in the amended constitutional framework; statutory use depends on applicable law. [10]
Luganda
Widely spoken Bantu language, especially in Buganda and the Kampala region.
Other Bantu languages
Runyankore, Rukiga, Runyoro, Rutooro, Lusoga and other regional languages.
Nilotic and other languages
Acholi, Lango, Ateso, Karamojong, Lugbara and many additional languages.
Linguistic diversity
Uganda has numerous living indigenous languages and multilingual communities; English and Swahili do not displace local mother tongues.
Census religion: Roman Catholic
36.2% of total enumerated population, 2024. [4]
Census religion: Anglican / Church of Uganda
29.0%, 2024. [4]
Census religion: Pentecostal / Evangelical
14.3%, 2024. [4]
Census religion: Muslim
13.2%, 2024. [4]
Census religion: Seventh-day Adventist
2.0%, 2024. [4]
Census religion: other categories
Orthodox Christians, traditional religions, Jehovah’s Witnesses, other faiths and those reporting no religion are counted separately. [4]
Unclassified religious affiliation
3.3% of 2024 census population was unclassified, principally non-household people without collected religion data. [4]
Christian population
Christian denominations together constitute roughly 82% of the 2024 enumerated population; denominational categories have been kept separate in the source table. [4]
Religious freedom framework
Article 7 of the Constitution prohibits adoption of an official state religion. [10]
Traditional kingdoms
Buganda, Bunyoro, Toro and Busoga institutions retain cultural significance; recognition and political authority are governed by national law.
2024 literacy
Approximately 74% of people age 10 and above were literate under the 2024 census measurement. [4]
Education structure
Primary, secondary, tertiary and vocational education, with both public and private providers.
Universities
Makerere University in Kampala and other public and private institutions.
Languages in education
English remains prominent in formal schooling; local languages and Kiswahili appear in curricula and instructional settings. [10]
2024 access to improved water
Approximately 81.1% of households according to the census summary. [4]
2024 census housing electricity
53.4% of households reported access through grid and solar combined; this is distinct from individual access statistics. [4]
Food security concern
Food insecurity and weather-related shocks remain development issues, with variation across regions. [4] [2]
Demographic youth pressure
A young population increases demand for schools, employment, housing and health services. [4] [2]
Healthcare system
Public, private, nonprofit and faith-based providers deliver healthcare, with access differences across rural and urban districts.
2024 national census unemployment
12.3% for people age 15 and over, as measured by the census, not directly interchangeable with ILO modeled unemployment. [4]
2024 youth NEET indicator
42.6% of people age 15–24 were not in education, employment or training under the census indicator. [4]
Notable cuisine
Matoke (cooked plantain), posho, groundnut sauces, beans, sweet potatoes and regional dishes.
Major sports
Football, athletics, rugby, cricket and other team and individual sports.
Arts and traditions
Regional dance, oral histories, crafts, musical traditions and contemporary film and music scenes.
Cultural heritage
Kasubi Tombs preserve royal Buganda funerary architecture and traditions. [18]
UNESCO World Heritage properties
Three inscribed properties: one cultural and two natural. [18]
Kasubi property
Tombs of Buganda Kings at Kasubi (2001), cultural site. [18]
Bwindi property
Bwindi Impenetrable National Park (1994), natural site. [18]
Rwenzori property
Rwenzori Mountains National Park (1994), natural site. [18]
Tourism and environment
Wildlife conservation, forests, wetlands and mountain landscapes support ecological tourism. [18] [2]

Government and Institutions

Government form
Unitary presidential constitutional republic with decentralized local government. [10]
Head of state
President Yoweri Kaguta Museveni. [11]
Head of government
President Museveni serves as executive head of government; the prime minister coordinates government business. [10] [11]
Vice president
Jessica Rose Epel Alupo, confirmed for a second term May 28, 2026. [11] [13]
Prime minister
Robinah Nabbanja, reconfirmed by Parliament May 28, 2026. [11] [13]
Cabinet organization
President, vice president, prime minister and other appointed ministers, as defined by the Constitution. [11] [10]
President’s current term
2026–2031, following May 12, 2026 inauguration. [12]
Last presidential election
January 15, 2026. [12] [15]
Official 2026 presidential result
Electoral authorities reported 71.65% for Museveni and 24.72% for Robert Kyagulanyi (Bobi Wine). [15]
Election-result dispute
Opposition candidate Kyagulanyi rejected the 2026 result; human-rights groups documented serious intimidation and abuses surrounding voting. [15] [16] [17]
Election-integrity limitation
Officially certified results are distinguished from competing allegations; this page does not resolve disputed fraud allegations. [15] [16]
Constitutional foundation
Constitution of 1995, as amended. [10]
Legislative branch
Unicameral Parliament, with directly elected and other constitutionally prescribed representation. [10]
Current Parliament
Twelfth Parliament, inaugurated in May 2026. [14]
Speaker of Parliament
Jacob Marksons Oboth, elected May 25, 2026. [14]
Deputy speaker
Thomas Tayebwa, reelected May 25, 2026. [14]
Political parties
National Resistance Movement (NRM), National Unity Platform (NUP), and other registered parties contest national and local politics. [15]
Ruling political organization
National Resistance Movement, associated with President Museveni. [12]
Presidential eligibility history
Presidential term and age-limit restrictions were removed by prior constitutional amendments; elections remain constitutionally prescribed. [10] [15]
Local government framework
Districts, cities, municipalities, subcounties and other local councils, with administrative boundaries subject to legislative change. [10] [24]
Statistical regions
Central, Eastern, Northern and Western are common regional groupings; they are not four constitutionally coequal federal states. [24]
District count vintage
The government’s 2024 development-review document listed 146 districts; this is a dated figure, not an asserted live November 2026 total. [24]
Kampala administration
Capital-city functions are subject to a special constitutional and statutory framework. [10]
Traditional leaders
Cultural leaders and institutions exist under a constitutional framework distinct from executive state authority. [10]
Judicial branch
Supreme Court, Court of Appeal/Constitutional Court, High Court and lower courts operating under national law. [10]
Constitutional recognition of religion
State neutrality is required by the prohibition on adopting an official religion. [10]
Armed forces
Uganda People’s Defence Forces (UPDF), under the constitutional military and civilian command structure. [10]
National electoral administration
Electoral Commission is responsible for administration and certification of national elections. [10] [15]
2026 civic-space concerns
Human Rights Watch documented arrests, alleged disappearances and restrictions on political activity after the election. These are attributed findings. [16]
2026 election-related violence
Amnesty International called for investigation of reported unlawful killings, detentions and torture surrounding the January election. [17]
Government policy program
NDP IV prioritizes industrialization, development and job creation, with implementation from July 2025. [2]
Current-reference cutoff
November 6, 2026; officeholders and institutional events must be rechecked after this date. [11] [14]

Political context: The certified January 2026 election produced a new presidential term, but opposition figures rejected the results and human-rights organizations documented serious post-election abuses. The governmental and election chronology is given using official and independent sources with claims attributed to their publishers; certification should not be confused with an independent finding that all election concerns were resolved. [12] [15] [16] [17]

International Profile

United Nations membership
Since October 25, 1962. [6]
African Union membership
Founding OAU member since May 25, 1963; subsequently part of the African Union. [22]
East African Community
Founding partner of the revived EAC, whose treaty entered into force July 7, 2000. [20]
World Trade Organization
Member since January 1, 1995. [21]
UNESCO
Member since 1962. [23]
Regional integration priorities
Customs, transport, labor mobility, markets and infrastructure within the East African Community. [20]
Principal goods export destination
United Arab Emirates, 32.5% in 2024 WTO series. [7]
European Union goods exports
European Union, 16.6% of Uganda’s 2024 recorded goods exports. [7]
Other major trade destinations
Kenya, Hong Kong (China), South Sudan, Democratic Republic of the Congo, India and Rwanda. [7]
Regional corridor dependence
Foreign trade moves largely through neighboring countries and Indian Ocean seaports because Uganda is landlocked. [2] [20]
Major external import supplier
China, 19.6% of 2024 recorded goods imports. [7]
Cross-border water resources
Shared waters and Nile basin hydrology link Uganda with neighboring states.
Refugee and asylum-seeker total
2,061,006 registered people as of October 31, 2026 (UNHCR operational data). [19]
Recognized refugees in October 2026
1,972,339, included in the total refugee and asylum-seeker count. [19]
Asylum seekers in October 2026
88,667, also included in the 2,061,006 total. [19]
Refugee origins
South Sudan, Democratic Republic of the Congo and Sudan are major source countries. [2] [19]
Refugee policy
Uganda is a major African refugee-hosting state and coordinates hosting arrangements with UNHCR and international partners. [19] [2]
Refugee-count method
Operational refugee registrations are not interchangeable with a national census or a World Bank resident-population estimate. [19] [3] [1]
Regional security issues
Security developments in the eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo, South Sudan and regional cross-border areas shape Uganda’s diplomacy.
Natural World Heritage
Bwindi Impenetrable and Rwenzori Mountains national parks. [18]
Cultural World Heritage
Tombs of Buganda Kings at Kasubi. [18]
2026 UNESCO World Heritage total
Three inscribed sites; tentative-list sites are not included in the total. [18]
Climate and conservation partnerships
Forest protection, wildlife conservation, water resources and climate resilience are ongoing priorities. [18] [2]
International business themes
Coffee and gold export markets, regional manufacturing, minerals, tourism, and infrastructure investment. [7] [2]
Statistical reference cutoff
November 6, 2026; trade 2024, census 2024, World Bank indicators 2025, refugees October 2026. [7] [3] [1] [19]

Sources and Methodology

Reviewed November 6, 2026. The six headline fields use the 2025 World Bank series where available, with total area from the UN Statistics Division. Uganda’s 2024 census data are attributed to the Uganda Bureau of Statistics. The 2024 product and destination trade tables come from WTO/UN Comtrade, not Uganda’s later fiscal-year export report. Government information reflects Uganda’s post-May 2026 administration, and humanitarian totals are dated October 31, 2026.

Comparability notes: The World Bank’s estimated 2025 population, UBOS’s counted 2024 population and UBOS’s forward 2026 projection are not a single measurement series. Likewise, the national census unemployment indicator (12.3%, 2024) and the World Bank’s modeled ILO indicator (2.7%, 2025) differ in method and reference period. The national 2024 census religious shares include an unclassified group. Trade figures exclude services, and political-office records may change after this review date.

  1. World Bank — Uganda country indicators — 2025 population, GDP, GDP per capita, economic growth, inflation and modeled unemployment; 2024 life expectancy.
  2. World Bank — Uganda country overview — 2026 economic structure and fiscal-year outlook; agriculture, refugee context, oil-production timetable and development priorities.
  3. Uganda Bureau of Statistics — 2024 Population and Housing Census portal — Final census population and household counts and access to census documentation.
  4. Uganda Bureau of Statistics — National Population and Housing Census 2024 Final Report, Volume 1 — 2024 census religion table; literacy, unemployment, water, electricity, age structure and other dated demographic results.
  5. Uganda Bureau of Statistics — Uganda country profile — 2026 national population projection, 2024 census counts, household totals, population density and national geography.
  6. United Nations Statistics Division — Uganda country profile — Capital, total area, currency, UN membership and UN geographic region.
  7. World Trade Organization — Uganda tariff and trade profile — 2024 merchandise trade totals, principal HS-6 export products, markets and suppliers.
  8. Uganda Ministry of Finance — Macroeconomic and Fiscal Performance Report, FY2024/25 — National fiscal-year merchandise export receipts and growth; a distinct reporting period from WTO 2024.
  9. International Monetary Fund — Uganda Post-Financing Assessment (January 2026) — Macroeconomic risks, financing and fiscal-year versus calendar-year reporting distinctions.
  10. Uganda Legal Information Institute — Constitution of the Republic of Uganda — Constitutional republic, official languages, no state religion, officeholders’ constitutional roles and government structure.
  11. Uganda State House — Cabinet 2026–2031 — Current president, vice president and prime minister, and executive cabinet structure.
  12. Uganda State House — President sworn in for 2026–2031 term (May 12, 2026) — 2026 presidential election date and formal inauguration.
  13. Parliament of Uganda — Vice president and prime minister approved (May 28, 2026) — Parliamentary confirmation of Jessica Alupo and Robinah Nabbanja.
  14. Parliament of Uganda — Twelfth Parliament speaker and deputy (May 25, 2026) — Jacob Marksons Oboth and Thomas Tayebwa elected parliamentary presiding officers.
  15. Associated Press — Uganda 2026 presidential election results and dispute — Officially reported vote shares, opposition rejection and election-integrity concerns.
  16. Human Rights Watch — Uganda post-election assault on political opposition (January 28, 2026) — Attributed concerns over detention, rights abuses and opposition activity around the 2026 polls.
  17. Amnesty International — Uganda election-related violence report (April 30, 2026) — Attributed reporting on election-related unlawful killings, arrest and torture allegations.
  18. UNESCO World Heritage Centre — Uganda — Three inscribed World Heritage sites: Kasubi, Bwindi and Rwenzori.
  19. UNHCR Uganda — refugee and asylum-seeker operational data (October 31, 2026) — October 2026 registered refugees and asylum seekers; humanitarian context.
  20. Uganda Ministry of East African Community Affairs — History of the EAC — Uganda’s role as a founding member of the revived East African Community in 2000.
  21. World Trade Organization — Uganda member information — Uganda’s WTO membership since January 1, 1995.
  22. African Union — member states — OAU/AU membership since May 25, 1963.
  23. UNESCO — Uganda country profile — UNESCO participation, three heritage properties and other UNESCO programmes.
  24. Uganda Office of the Prime Minister — Voluntary National Review 2024 — Earlier government report stating 146 districts and geographic units as of its publication; not a live 2026 administrative count.