Contents

Country Overview

Georgia is a South Caucasus state on the Black Sea, classified by the United Nations in Western Asia and closely connected to European political institutions. It restored independence in 1991 and operates under a parliamentary constitutional system. A diverse landscape ranges from alpine Greater Caucasus mountains to subtropical coastal wetlands. Economic growth, regional trade and tourism coexist with political confrontation over governance and EU integration. Abkhazia and the Tskhinvali/South Ossetia region remain outside Tbilisi’s effective control, and demographic census statistics exclude these territories. [1] [4] [16]

Reference status: Contemporary country profile • Verified: November 6, 2026 • Source years, coverage and provisional or political classifications are stated explicitly.

CapitalTbilisi2024 census: 1,331,485 residents [4]
Population3.9411 millionGeostat, January 1, 2026 [5]
Surface area69,700 km²UN territory, includes contested regions [1]
Nominal GDPUS$38.14 billionWorld Bank / Geostat 2025 [3] [6]
Real GDP growth7.5%Geostat preliminary 2025 [6]
CurrencyLari (GEL)National Bank of Georgia [23]

Statistical and territorial caution: Geostat’s final 2024 census and January 2026 population estimate exclude Abkhazia and South Ossetia outside government control, while the UN area figure includes internationally recognized territory. International estimates differ by method. Election results, recognition, administrative control and the EU accession assessment must be attributed separately.

Identity and State Formation

Official name
Georgia. [1]
Georgian name
საქართველო (Sakartvelo). [1]
Capital
Tbilisi. [1]
Location
South Caucasus, between the Black Sea and Greater and Lesser Caucasus ranges. [1]
UN statistical region
Western Asia; Georgia also participates in several European institutions. [2] [24]
Geographical orientation
Transcontinental connections between Eastern Europe, Western Asia and the Black Sea region. [1] [15]
Form of government
Parliamentary republic with president as head of state and prime minister leading government. [11] [12]
Constitutional statehood
Modern independence restored from the Soviet Union in 1991. [1] [15]
Independence declaration
9 April 1991. [15] [1]
Ancient kingdoms
Colchis and Iberia were important ancient polities in the region. [20]
Medieval Georgian kingdom
Periods of consolidation and cultural flowering occurred during the medieval Georgian monarchy. [20]
Early modern era
Regional kingdoms and principalities faced Ottoman, Persian and Russian imperial pressure. [20]
Russian imperial annexation
Most Georgian territories were incorporated into the Russian Empire during the nineteenth century. [20]
First modern independence period
Democratic Republic of Georgia existed from 1918 to 1921. [15]
Soviet period
Georgian SSR was part of the Soviet Union until 1991. [15]
UN admission
31 July 1992. [1]
Official language
Georgian; Abkhaz also has official status in Abkhazia under the Georgian constitution. [1] [18]
Writing system
Georgian script, including modern Mkhedruli usage. [20] [21]
Currency
Georgian lari (GEL). [1] [23]
ISO alpha-2 / alpha-3
GE / GEO. [1]
International phone code
+995. [1]
Country internet domain
.ge. [1]
Time standard
Georgia Standard Time (UTC+4), without current daylight-saving shifts. [1]
Independence Day
26 May, commemorating the 1918 republic. [15]
Territorial integrity
Internationally recognized territory includes Abkhazia and the Tskhinvali region/South Ossetia, neither under effective Tbilisi control. [18]
2008 war
Armed conflict between Russia and Georgia occurred in August 2008, followed by expanded Russian military control in breakaway regions. [18] [19]
European institutional orientation
Participates in the Council of Europe and holds EU candidate status, despite the accession process being halted. [24] [16]
National cultural traditions
Georgian polyphonic singing, wine culture and historic Christian art are prominent heritage markers. [21] [20]

Geographical convention: Georgia is included in Asia by the UN M49 statistical system while maintaining deep historical, institutional and political relationships with Europe.

Geography and Population

Geographical setting
Eastern Black Sea coast and South Caucasus mountains. [1]
Surface area
69,700 km², UN reported extent including territories outside Tbilisi’s control. [1]
Land borders
Russia to north; Türkiye and Armenia to south; Azerbaijan to southeast. [1]
Western maritime boundary
Black Sea coast, with Poti and Batumi among principal coastal cities. [1]
Greater Caucasus
Mountain barrier along the northern frontier. [1]
Lesser Caucasus
Southern uplands, valleys and volcano-related highland landscapes. [1]
Highest summit
Shkhara in the Greater Caucasus, approximately 5,193 m by commonly cited measurements. [1]
Main mountain areas
Svaneti, Racha, Kazbegi and Tusheti contain high-elevation settlements and cultural landscapes. [20]
Major river to Black Sea
Rioni drains western Georgia. [1]
Major southeastern river
Mtkvari / Kura crosses Tbilisi and flows toward the Caspian basin. [1]
Western lowlands
Colchis lowlands and wetlands along the Black Sea. [20]
Eastern valleys
Kakheti and Kartli agricultural basins support vineyards, towns and transport routes. [1]
Climate gradient
Humid subtropical near Black Sea, relatively dry continental in eastern valleys, alpine at high elevations. [1]
Seismic exposure
Caucasus tectonic setting creates earthquake risk. [1]
Landslide and flood exposure
Steep terrain and heavy precipitation create mountain and river hazards. [1]
Tbilisi
Capital and largest urban center, located along the Mtkvari River. [1] [4]
Batumi
Large Black Sea port and tourism center in Adjara. [4]
Kutaisi
Historic city in western Georgia and important regional center. [4]
Rustavi
Industrial city southeast of Tbilisi. [4]
Poti
Black Sea port and logistical gateway. [1]
Administrative units
Regions, autonomous republic of Adjara and contested territories form a complex formal administrative structure. [1] [18]
Abkhazia
Black Sea region outside Tbilisi’s effective control; internationally generally considered Georgian territory. [18]
Tskhinvali / South Ossetia
Northern disputed region with Russian effective control according to the EU’s 2026 statement. [18]
Official population, 1 Jan 2026
3.9411 million, Geostat estimate excluding territories beyond government control. [5]
Official population, 1 Jan 2025
3.9304 million, revised national series. [5]
Census population, 14 Nov 2024
3,929,581, final census figures published in June 2026. [4]
2014 census population
3,713,804, compared with 2024 in Geostat series. [4]
Census change, 2014–2024
+5.8%, or 215,777 people, based on revised national census totals. [4]
Census excluded territory
Final 2024 census could not cover Abkhazia and South Ossetia outside Georgian government control. [4]
World Bank 2025 population
3,935,766, an international modeled population estimate. [3]
Census urban residents, 2024
2,455,444, or 62.5%. [4]
Census rural residents, 2024
1,474,137, or 37.5%. [4]
Tbilisi 2024 census population
1,331,485. [4]
Batumi 2024 census population
235,668. [4]
Males, 2024 census
1,881,004 (47.9%). [4]
Females, 2024 census
2,048,577 (52.1%). [4]
Children ages 0–14, census
19.6% of 2024 census population. [4]
Residents ages 65+, census
17.6%, indicating population aging. [4]
2025 registered live births
37,867 in Geostat vital statistics. [5]
2025 registered deaths
44,319 in Geostat vital statistics. [5]
Protected landscape
Colchic rainforests and wetlands are internationally recognized for ecological importance. [20]
Biodiversity
Coastal wetlands, temperate forests, steppe and alpine habitats support varied species. [20]

2024 final census and updated population estimates

The 2024 census excludes occupied territories, and 2026 is a postcensal estimate rather than a new census. [4] [5] [3]

Measure / date Population Coverage / method
Census, November 14, 20243,929,581Final revised census
Geostat, January 1, 20253,930,400National postcensal estimate
World Bank, 20253,935,766International series
Geostat, January 1, 20263,941,100National postcensal estimate
Urban residents, 2024 census2,455,44462.5% of census population
Rural residents, 2024 census1,474,13737.5%

Territorial scope: Internationally recognized Georgia includes Abkhazia and South Ossetia. Geostat census and national resident population series exclude areas not controlled by Tbilisi; UN total area is a territorial figure, not the surveyed census area.

Economy and International Trade

Currency
Georgian lari (GEL). [23]
Central bank
National Bank of Georgia. [23]
Nominal GDP 2025, World Bank
Approximately US$38.14 billion. [3]
Nominal GDP 2025, Geostat
GEL 104.5981 billion in preliminary national accounts. [6]
GDP in US dollars, Geostat 2025
US$38.1436 billion, preliminary national release. [6]
GDP per capita, Geostat 2025
US$10,296.5 (national statistical series). [6]
Real GDP growth, 2025
7.5%, preliminary annual growth reported March 2026. [6]
Real GDP growth, 2024
9.7% in Geostat's comparative series. [6]
2025 GDP deflator change
4.6%, Geostat reported. [6]
Economic structure
Services, trade, transport, industry, tourism, construction and agriculture. [6] [9]
Transit corridor
Black Sea ports, Caucasus road and rail links make Georgia a regional logistics corridor. [9] [15]
Road and railway connections
Regional transit links connect Türkiye, Azerbaijan, Armenia and Black Sea outlets. [9]
Tourism
Coastal resorts, mountains, historic cities and wine regions attract international visitors. [20] [6]
Hospitality services
Accommodation and food services connect tourist demand to small and large enterprises. [6]
Banking and finance
Commercial banking and payments services are regulated by the National Bank. [23]
ICT and services
Digital and professional services are areas of economic expansion. [6]
Construction
Urban development and infrastructure projects contribute to GDP. [6]
Agriculture
Grapes, hazelnuts, fruits, livestock and diversified crops are important in rural regions. [8] [4]
Wine exports
Georgian wine is a significant identifiable merchandise product and cultural industry. [8] [21]
Hazelnuts
Agricultural export with connections to the Black Sea region. [8]
Motor vehicles
Vehicle imports and re-exports, including passenger cars, are central to measured goods trade. [8] [7]
Goods exports, 2025
US$7.2912 billion, preliminary Geostat national reporting. [7]
Goods imports, 2025
US$18.5297 billion, Geostat national reporting. [7]
Goods trade deficit, 2025
US$11.2385 billion, preliminary Geostat measure. [7]
Total recorded merchandise trade, 2025
US$25.8209 billion, goods exports plus imports in national release. [7]
Goods exports growth, 2025
11.2% versus the preceding year. [7]
Goods imports growth, 2025
9.7% versus the preceding year. [7]
Motor cars export value, 2025
Approximately US$2.81 billion, or 38.6% of merchandise exports. [8]
Precious metal ores exports, 2025
About US$0.38 billion (5.2% of goods exports). [8]
Spirits and liqueurs exports, 2025
About US$0.28 billion (3.9%). [8]
Wine exports, 2025
About US$0.27 billion (3.7%). [8]
Ferroalloy exports, 2025
About US$0.23 billion (3.1%). [8]
Mineral water exports, 2025
About US$0.17 billion (2.4% for unsweetened water and ice category). [8]
Hazelnut and other nut exports, 2025
About US$0.17 billion (2.4%). [8]
EU trade policy
The 2014 EU Association Agreement and DCFTA underpin preferential market ties. [15]
WTO membership
Member since 14 June 2000. [22]
Applied tariff profile
WTO lists a 1.5% simple-average MFN applied tariff for 2026. [10]
Foreign direct investment
Foreign capital and services activity are important to domestic development and financing. [3] [15]
Trade-reporting warning
The WTO’s detailed 2024 export total is substantially different from Geostat’s published national goods exports. This page uses the coherent Geostat national totals for 2025 and does not interchange them. [10] [7]
Macroeconomic risks
External demand, political uncertainty, regional trade disruptions and financial imbalances can affect growth. [3] [16]
Regional income variation
Tbilisi and main logistics/tourism cities differ in development from mountain and agricultural districts. [4] [3]

Georgia national merchandise trade, 2025

These figures use the Geostat national reporting convention, not the WTO’s divergent 2024 export dataset. Values are US dollars. [7]

Flow 2025 amount Year-over-year change
Goods exportsUS$7.2912bn+11.2%
Goods importsUS$18.5297bn+9.7%
Goods trade deficitUS$11.2385bnPreliminary
Total goods tradeUS$25.8209bn+10.1%

Selected leading exported product groups (2025)

National goods exports include re-exports; motor vehicles are especially influenced by this treatment. [8]

Product group Value (US$) Share of exports
Motor cars2.81bn38.6%
Precious metal ores and concentrates0.38bn5.2%
Spirits and liqueurs0.28bn3.9%
Wine of fresh grapes0.27bn3.7%
Ferroalloys0.23bn3.1%
Unsweetened mineral waters0.17bn2.4%

GDP growth and national output (2024–2025)

Current GEL figures and real growth are from Geostat preliminary release in March 2026. [6]

Indicator 2024 2025 preliminary
Nominal GDP (GEL billions)93.0223104.5981
Nominal GDP (US$ billions)34.189438.1436
Real GDP growth9.7%7.5%
GDP per capita (US$)9,241.510,296.5

Trade reporting: Geostat goods exports are US$7.2912 billion in 2025. The WTO 2024 export total uses a materially different source/coverage and should not be inserted as if it were comparable to national 2024 exports. National goods exports include vehicle re-exports.

People and Society

Official national language
Georgian. [1]
Abkhaz language
Constitutionally protected as an official language in Abkhazia under Georgia’s legal framework. [18]
Writing tradition
Georgian alphabet has a distinct historical and contemporary literary tradition. [21]
Georgian ethnicity, 2024 census
84.1%, about 3.304 million persons in the revised census. [4]
Other ethnic identities
Armenians, Azerbaijanis and other national communities form substantial minorities. [4]
Citizenship, 2024 census
3,775,415 Georgian citizens, 96.1% of the counted population. [4]
Foreign citizens, 2024 census
133,857, a defined category of permanent residents. [4]
Russian nationals in the 2024 census
37,715 among foreign citizens, based on Geostat summary. [4]
Indian nationals in the 2024 census
23,925 among foreign citizens. [4]
Ukrainian nationals in the 2024 census
11,542 among foreign citizens. [4]
Religious traditions
Georgian Orthodox Christianity is the dominant affiliation; Islam and the Armenian Apostolic Church are important minorities. [4]
Georgian Orthodox affiliation, 2024 census
82.0% of counted residents. [4]
Muslim affiliation, 2024 census
11.1%, with 437,458 persons. [4]
Armenian Apostolic Christians, 2024 census
101,736 persons. [4]
Historic church heritage
Medieval religious and monastic sites are prominent in Georgian cultural identity. [20]
Folk polyphony
Georgian polyphonic singing is recognized as UNESCO intangible cultural heritage. [21]
Winemaking tradition
Traditional qvevri wine-making method is UNESCO-listed intangible cultural heritage. [21]
Food culture
Bread, cheese, beans, herbs, dumplings and walnuts feature prominently in regional cooking traditions. [21]
Education institutions
Tbilisi and regional cities host universities, vocational institutes and arts institutions. [3] [12]
Health profile
World Bank reports about 75 years life expectancy at birth in 2024. [3]
Demographic aging
The 2024 census recorded 17.6% aged 65+ and 19.6% aged 0–14. [4]
Internal migration
Population movement toward Tbilisi and Batumi affects housing and regional labor markets. [4]
Diaspora communities
Georgians abroad are important links for remittances, cultural exchange and migration. [3]
Media
Independent media activity persists but faces violence, pressure and legal challenges according to independent monitors. [12]
Civil liberties score
Freedom House rated Georgia “Partly Free” (51/100) for 2026, excluding Abkhazia/South Ossetia. [12]
Internet freedom score
Freedom House rated Georgia’s 2026 internet environment 68/100, “Partly Free.” [13]
Displacement
Conflicts over Abkhazia and South Ossetia created long-running displacement and property-rights concerns. [18]
Ethnic and linguistic diversity
Language, church and community identities differ notably by region. [4] [21]
Cultural monuments
Monasteries, highland towers and historic urban centers are significant national heritage resources. [20]

Selected 2024 census population composition

Final census results as published June 2026, excluding territories inaccessible to census operations. [4]

Category Share People / note
Women52.1%2,048,577
Men47.9%1,881,004
Ages 65 and older17.6%692,700
Georgian ethnicity84.1%About 3.304m
Orthodox Christian82.0%3,223,206
Muslim11.1%437,458

Government and Institutions

State structure
Constitutional parliamentary republic. [11] [12]
Head of state
President Mikheil Kavelashvili, listed in October 2026 leadership register. [11]
Head of government
Prime Minister Irakli Kobakhidze. [11]
Speaker of Parliament
Shalva Papuashvili. [11]
Ruling party
Georgian Dream (GD). [12]
Legislature
Unicameral 150-seat Parliament. [12]
Parliamentary election cycle
Four-year parliamentary terms. [12]
Most recent national parliamentary election
26 October 2024; result and administration remain subjects of political controversy. [12] [14]
Official 2024 seat tally
Georgian Dream was allocated 89 seats; opposition parties combined 61. [12]
Opposition and boycotts
Opposition groups disputed the election process and some boycotted institutional proceedings. [12] [14]
Election-monitoring caveat
OSCE-linked observers and other monitors documented electoral-process concerns; official results and independent quality assessments are not identical claims. [14] [12]
Current executive leadership
The prime minister directs the cabinet; president’s duties are comparatively limited under parliamentary arrangements. [11] [12]
Election of president
Presidency is selected indirectly through a designated electoral-college process, rather than a general nationwide direct presidential ballot. [12]
Constitutional Court
Court has constitutional-review functions amid political disputes over institutions and parties. [12]
Judicial independence
Freedom House raises concerns about political pressure and accountability in the judiciary. [12]
Local self-government
Municipal and regional institutions manage services under the national constitutional framework. [12]
Civil society
Civil organizations operate amid restrictive foreign-influence and registration legislation criticized by international observers. [12] [16]
Media protection
Journalists and protest reporters have faced intimidation and violence documented by rights monitors. [12]
Freedom House 2026
51/100 (“Partly Free”) political/civil score; coverage excludes separatist territories. [12]
EU accession status
Formal candidate country since December 2023. [15]
Accession process, 2026
European Commission on 4 November 2026 described accession as de facto halted and Georgia as a candidate in name only. [16] [17]
Official negotiations pause
Government announced in late 2024 it would not pursue the accession process until 2028; the EU criticized the decision. [15]
2026 EU evaluation
Commission cited democratic backsliding, rule-of-law and civil-society restrictions. [16]
Territorial integrity policy
Government and most international institutions treat Abkhazia and South Ossetia as Georgian territory. [18] [19]
Effective territorial control
Russian forces and regional de facto authorities exercise control outside Georgia’s central-government administration in the two regions. [18]
Abkhazia political status
Separatist authority is not treated as sovereign by the EU or the United Nations majority. [18]
South Ossetia political status
Similar dispute and lack of Tbilisi effective control apply in the Tskhinvali region. [18]
Regional security framework
Geneva International Discussions and other international diplomatic formats address post-2008 security concerns. [19]
National Bank
The National Bank of Georgia regulates banking and monetary institutions. [23]
Public finances
National budget and expenditure institutions operate within parliamentary and executive processes. [11]

Political assessment: The 89-seat Georgian Dream allocation is the official 2024 result, not an assertion that election integrity was undisputed. The EU and independent observers have raised serious concerns over elections, civic rights and judicial independence.

International Profile and Heritage

United Nations membership
Member since 31 July 1992. [1]
Council of Europe
Member, linking Georgian governance to European human-rights institutions. [24]
European Union candidacy
Candidate status granted December 2023. [15]
2026 EU institutional status
Commission states the accession process is effectively frozen, not concluded by withdrawal or full membership. [16]
EU Association Agreement
Signed in 2014 and entered into force in 2016. [15]
Deep and Comprehensive Free Trade Area
DCFTA with the EU under the Association framework. [15]
World Trade Organization
Member since June 2000. [22]
Regional crossroads
Trade and mobility connect Central Asia, the Caucasus, Türkiye and the Black Sea region. [9]
Relations with Russia
Severely shaped by the 2008 war, de facto territorial control and diplomatic ruptures. [18] [19]
Abkhazia issue
European Union reaffirms Georgia’s internationally recognized borders and calls for Russian withdrawal. [18]
South Ossetia issue
The EU describes Russian effective control and related human-rights obligations in the region. [18]
Türkiye links
Neighboring major market and transit partner. [7]
Armenia and Azerbaijan
Both land neighbors and important trade and transit links. [7] [1]
Black Sea economic role
Ports and transport routes are significant regional connections. [9]
European political trajectory
Public European integration aspirations coexist with government-EU institutional conflict. [16]
Cultural diplomacy
Religious architecture, polyphony and wine traditions feature in international cultural exchange. [20] [21]
UNESCO World Heritage count
Four properties inscribed as of November 2026. [20]
Mtskheta monuments
Historical Monuments of Mtskheta inscribed in 1994. [20]
Gelati Monastery
1994 UNESCO cultural inscription; boundary revisions in 2017. [20]
Upper Svaneti
UNESCO cultural heritage in the Caucasus mountains; inscribed in 1996. [20]
Colchic Rainforests and Wetlands
Natural World Heritage property inscribed in 2021. [20]
UNESCO classification
Three cultural and one natural inscribed property. [20]
Tentative list
14 sites on the UNESCO tentative list, separate from four inscribed properties. [20]
Intangible heritage
UNESCO’s intangible program includes traditional music and qvevri wine-making. [21]
Migration and overseas ties
Emigration, return migration and the diaspora influence labor, identity and remittances. [5] [3]
Security and economic outlook
Territorial disputes, national governance and the future of EU relations remain significant uncertainties. [18] [16]

UNESCO World Heritage properties of Georgia

The four inscribed properties are different from the 14 tentative-list entries and intangible heritage programs. [20]

Property Year Type
Historical Monuments of Mtskheta1994Cultural
Gelati Monastery1994Cultural
Upper Svaneti1996Cultural
Colchic Rainforests and Wetlands2021Natural

Sources and Methodology

Entries are a source-anchored reference compilation, not a single statistical extract. Census counts, administrative population figures and international estimates are separate series; nominal GDP is not purchasing-power-parity output. WTO, UNCTAD and national customs trade series can differ by definition, coverage and reporting period. Regional classification follows the United Nations M49 statistical convention rather than asserting exclusive cultural or political geography. UNESCO inscribed, tentative and intangible heritage are distinct categories.

Editorial cutoff: November 6, 2026 (Pacific Time). A dated statistic describes its reference period, not necessarily its publication date. Disputed or internationally contested governance claims are described with their attribution and jurisdiction. The page may require later revision when new releases or events occur.

  1. United Nations Data — Georgia country profile — UN Western Asia classification, territory, currency, UN membership, capital and international statistical series.
  2. UN Statistics Division — M49 classification — geographical grouping for Georgia within Western Asia.
  3. World Bank — Georgia data — 2025 population and GDP, modeled unemployment, inflation, health and other international indicators.
  4. Geostat — Main Results of the 2024 Population and Agricultural Census, June 2026 — final 2024 census population, urbanization, age structure, regions and religion excluding territories outside Georgian control.
  5. National Statistics Office of Georgia — Population and Demography — January 2025 and January 2026 resident population estimates and 2025 demographic movements.
  6. Geostat — Gross Domestic Product of Georgia in 2025, preliminary March 2026 — preliminary 2025 real GDP growth, nominal GEL and US-dollar GDP and GDP per capita.
  7. Geostat — External Merchandise Trade of Georgia in 2025, January 2026 — 2025 national exports, imports and trade balance.
  8. Fiscal.ge — 2025 export product composition based on Geostat, October 2026 — 2025 leading merchandise product shares, values and national re-export methodology.
  9. Fiscal.ge — Georgia trade composition, October 2026 — national annual goods trade categories and GDP-export distinction.
  10. WTO — Georgia tariff and trade profile — tariff data and an internationally reported trade profile that may differ in exports from national reporting.
  11. CIA World Leaders — Georgia, updated October 16, 2026 — prime minister, president, speaker and senior executive posts.
  12. Freedom House — Freedom in the World 2026, Georgia — independent assessment of 2024 elections, political rights and civil liberties; Abkhazia/South Ossetia excluded.
  13. Freedom House — Georgia country profile (Internet Freedom 2026) — separate assessment of internet freedom and political freedom scores.
  14. OSCE ODIHR — election observation information Georgia — international election-monitoring framework and evaluations of the 2024 parliamentary election.
  15. European Commission — Georgia enlargement and candidate-country page — EU 2023 candidate status, 2024 effective halt, Association Agreement and DCFTA.
  16. European Commission — 2026 enlargement package, November 4 2026 — November 2026 conclusion that accession remains de facto halted.
  17. EEAS — 2026 enlargement statement regarding Georgia — November 4 2026 assessment of democracy, civil society and continuing nominal candidate status.
  18. EEAS — EU statement on conflict in Georgia, April 2026 — territorial integrity and Russian effective control in Abkhazia and Tskhinvali/South Ossetia regions.
  19. Georgian Ministry of Foreign Affairs — UN Security Council discussion, August 2026 — Georgian government position on Abkhazia, South Ossetia and 2008 war.
  20. UNESCO World Heritage Centre — Georgia state party — four inscribed World Heritage properties and tentative-list counts as of November 2026.
  21. UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage — Georgia — intangible culture listings distinct from the tangible World Heritage List.
  22. WTO — Georgia membership — membership since June 2000 and WTO status.
  23. National Bank of Georgia — Official Website — lari currency, banking, central bank and exchange-rate-policy institutional framework.
  24. Council of Europe — Georgia member state — Council of Europe membership and commitments.