Speak and Write Language Series
Sashe na 5 — Unit V: Ayyukan Al'umma da Aikin Ƙarshe (Community Work and the Final Project)
19

Aikin Al'umma

B2–C1 Development · Chapter 19 of 20, Unit V Begins · Speak and Write Hausa: Advanced Functional Hausa
Unit V Begins — Community Project Communication

Chapter Overview

Chapter 19 builds directly on Chapter 18. There, learners moved the Chapter 16 sequencing tools and the Chapter 17 main-idea/support/conclusion structure into the turn-by-turn moves of a controlled formal discussion — stating a position, qualifying, conceding, challenging, responding, and closing. This chapter takes those same discussion tools and applies them to a longer, staged task: planning, explaining, revising, and presenting a community-oriented proposal. No new connector words or discussion-move phrases are introduced; instead, learners recombine the sequencing, comparison, qualifying, conceding, and closing language from Chapters 16–18 into the stages of a written proposal and its oral presentation. Following the staff meeting in Chapter 18, Amina, Ibrahim, and Salamatu are asked by the office manager to turn their agreed one-month scheduling-consultation trial into a short written proposal, then present it at a wider community and staff gathering, continuing the workplace storyline toward the final C1 functional project of Chapter 20.

Learning Objectives

By the end of this chapter, you will be able to:

  1. Plan a short community-oriented proposal using the main-idea/support/conclusion structure from Chapter 17.
  2. Explain a proposal's purpose, reasoning, and expected outcome in organized spoken and written Hausa.
  3. Anticipate and address a likely challenge within the proposal itself, using the qualifying and conceding language from Chapter 18.
  4. Revise a draft proposal for clarity, organization, and accuracy using a structured checklist.
  5. Present a proposal orally to a group, inviting and responding to questions.
  6. Close a proposal presentation with a clear statement of next steps.

Communication Scenario

After the staff meeting in Chapter 18, the office manager asks Amina, Ibrahim, and Salamatu to turn their agreed one-month scheduling-consultation trial into a short written proposal for a combined staff-and-community gathering, since the office serves the surrounding community directly. The three colleagues must plan the proposal together, write it out, revise it, and then present it aloud to a wider audience that was not part of the original discussion — which means restating the position, the qualifying limit, the anticipated challenge, and the agreed trial in a form that a new audience can follow without having heard Chapter 18's discussion.

  1. Domain: a short community-oriented proposal, written and then presented orally, building on the Chapter 18 structured discussion.
  2. Target skill: planning, explaining, revising, and presenting a proposal, then closing with next steps.
  3. Grammar status: the Chapter 16 connectors, Chapter 17 main-idea/support/conclusion structure, and Chapter 18 qualifying/conceding/challenging language all move toward Consolidated in this chapter; the staged proposal genre itself is newly Introduced.
  4. No unscheduled grammar beyond the Chapter 18 level, and no proposal stage beyond planning, explaining, anticipating a challenge, revising, presenting, and closing with next steps.
Nazarin Kalmomi — Core Vocabulary

Core Vocabulary

This chapter's new productive vocabulary supports planning, explaining, and presenting a community-oriented proposal, and closing it with next steps.

BokoGender / TypePluralMeaning in Context
shawarwarif. (pl. noun)—proposal, set of suggestions
manufaf.manufofipurpose, goal
tsarim.tsare-tsareplan, arrangement
sakamakom.sakamakonresult, expected outcome
mataki na gabaphrasematakan gabanext step
manufar wannan shawarwari ita ce…phrase—the purpose of this proposal is… (explaining)
ana sa ran…phrase—it is expected that… (stating outcome)
mai yiwuwa wani ya tambaya…phrase—someone might well ask… (anticipating a challenge)
tambaya?phrase—questions? (inviting audience questions)
matakan gaba sun haɗa da…phrase—the next steps include… (closing with next steps)

Kumulative recycling: The connectors from Chapter 16 (sannan, sai, bayan, kafin, tun, saboda, domin, tunda, fiye da, kamar), the paragraph-organization vocabulary from Chapter 17 (babban ra’ayi, dalili, misali, a ganina, bugu da ƙari, a taƙaice dai), and the discussion-move vocabulary from Chapter 18 (matsaya, hujja, ƙalubale, sasantawa, iyaka, na yarda amma, ba koyaushe ba ne, ina ganin akwai matsala a nan, duk da haka, ƙarshen tattaunawa) remain active and are recycled throughout this chapter's proposal work.

Pronunciation Focus

Sound Focus — Presentation pacing and audience-question intonation

When presenting a proposal aloud to a group, each stage — purpose, plan, anticipated challenge, and next steps — is typically marked by a brief pause and a slight drop in pitch at its close, which helps a listening audience track where one stage ends and the next begins, since the audience cannot see paragraph breaks the way a reader can. The phrase tambaya? ("questions?"), used to invite audience questions, is spoken with a light rising intonation and a longer pause afterward than an ordinary yes/no question, giving listeners time to respond. No new consonant or vowel-length feature is introduced in this chapter; this continues the phrase-level pacing and turn-boundary pausing practiced in Chapters 16–18.

Grammar and Sentence Patterns

This chapter consolidates the Chapter 16 connectors, the Chapter 17 main-idea/support/conclusion structure, and the Chapter 18 qualifying/conceding/challenging language, and introduces the staged structure of a community-oriented proposal: stating purpose, explaining the plan, anticipating a challenge, inviting questions, and closing with next steps. No new connector words or discussion-move phrases are introduced.

19.1 Stating the purpose

A proposal opens by naming its purpose directly, using manufar wannan shawarwari ita ce ("the purpose of this proposal is"), which functions like the main-idea sentence from Chapter 17 but is framed for an audience that has not seen the earlier discussion.

  • Manufar wannan shawarwari ita ce mu gwada tuntuɓar ma’aikata kan jadawali sau ɗaya a wata, na tsawon watanni uku. The purpose of this proposal is to try consulting employees about the schedule once a month, for three months.

    • 19.2 Explaining the plan

    After stating the purpose, the proposal explains the plan step by step, recycling the Chapter 16 sequencing connectors (sannan, sai, bayan, kafin) and stating the expected outcome with ana sa ran ("it is expected that").

  • Da farko, za mu tattara ra’ayoyin ma’aikata a rubuce; sannan, mu tsara jadawalin gwaji; bayan haka, mu fara gwajin na tsawon watanni uku. First, we will gather employees' opinions in writing; then, we will design the trial schedule; after that, we will begin the trial for three months.
  • Ana sa ran wannan zai rage rashin fahimta a kan jadawali kuma ya ƙara yarda a tsakanin ma’aikata. It is expected that this will reduce misunderstanding about the schedule and increase agreement among employees.

    • 19.3 Anticipating a challenge

    A well-organized proposal names a likely question or objection before the audience raises it, using mai yiwuwa wani ya tambaya ("someone might well ask"), followed by a qualifying or conceding response drawn from Chapter 18.

  • Mai yiwuwa wani ya tambaya ko tuntuɓar akai-akai zai ɗauki lokaci mai yawa. Ba koyaushe ba ne haka zai kasance, domin za mu iyakance tuntuɓar zuwa sau ɗaya a wata kawai. Someone might well ask whether regular consultation will take a great deal of time. That will not always be the case, because we will limit consultation to just once a month.

    • 19.4 Inviting and responding to questions

    An oral presentation pauses after the plan and anticipated challenge to invite questions with tambaya?, and responds to a genuine audience question using the same challenge-and-response pattern practiced in Chapter 18.

  • Tambaya? — Ina ganin akwai matsala a nan: shin ma’aikatan da ba su son gwajin fa? — Kina da gaskiya kan wannan, don haka za mu tattara ra’ayoyin kowa, kuma ba za mu tilasta kowa ba. Questions? — I see a problem here: what about employees who don't want the trial? — You are right about that, so we will gather everyone's opinions, and we will not force anyone.

    • 19.5 Closing with next steps

    A proposal closes not with a general summary alone, but with concrete next steps, introduced by matakan gaba sun haɗa da ("the next steps include").

  • A taƙaice dai, matakan gaba sun haɗa da: tattara ra’ayoyin ma’aikata a wannan mako, fara gwajin a farkon watan gobe, sannan mu sake tattaunawa bayan watanni uku. In short, the next steps include: gathering employees' opinions this week, starting the trial at the beginning of next month, and then discussing again after three months.
    • Language Note — From discussion to proposal

    Chapter 18 distributed the position-challenge-concession-closing structure across several speakers in a single meeting. Chapter 19 takes the outcome of that discussion and reorganizes it for a new, wider audience: one presenter states the purpose, explains the plan, anticipates the same kind of challenge that arose naturally in the meeting, and closes with next steps rather than a closing statement alone. The underlying connectors, qualifying language, and challenge-and-response pattern do not change; what changes is that they are now organized as a planned, one-directional presentation rather than a live back-and-forth discussion.

    Common learner error: Do not present a proposal as though the audience already knows the background ("Kamar yadda muka riga muka yarda…" without explanation). A proposal presented to a new audience must restate the purpose and plan in full, even if the presenters already discussed it among themselves.

    Model Dialogue

    Yanayin hali: Amina, Ibrahim, da Salamatu suna gabatar da shawarwarinsu ga wani taro na ma’aikata da al’umma kan gwajin tuntuɓar jadawali.

    (Setting: Amina, Ibrahim, and Salamatu present their proposal to a joint staff-and-community gathering about the scheduling-consultation trial.)

    AMINA Manufar wannan shawarwari ita ce mu gwada tuntuɓar ma’aikata kan jadawali sau ɗaya a wata, na tsawon watanni uku.The purpose of this proposal is to try consulting employees about the schedule once a month, for three months.
    IBRAHIM Da farko, za mu tattara ra’ayoyin ma’aikata a rubuce; sannan, mu tsara jadawalin gwaji; bayan haka, mu fara gwajin.First, we will gather employees' opinions in writing; then, we will design the trial schedule; after that, we will begin the trial.
    SALAMATU Mai yiwuwa wani ya tambaya ko tuntuɓar akai-akai zai ɗauki lokaci mai yawa. Ba koyaushe ba ne haka zai kasance, domin za mu iyakance tuntuɓar zuwa sau ɗaya a wata kawai.Someone might well ask whether regular consultation will take a great deal of time. That will not always be the case, because we will limit consultation to just once a month.
    AMINA Tambaya?Questions?
    ƊAN AL'UMMA Ina ganin akwai matsala a nan: shin ma’aikatan da ba su son gwajin fa?I see a problem here: what about employees who don't want the trial?
    IBRAHIM Kina da gaskiya kan wannan, don haka za mu tattara ra’ayoyin kowa, kuma ba za mu tilasta kowa ba.You are right about that, so we will gather everyone's opinions, and we will not force anyone.
    SALAMATU Bugu da ƙari, za mu sanar da kowa da sakamakon gwajin bayan watanni uku, kafin a yanke shawara ta dindindin.Furthermore, we will inform everyone of the trial's results after three months, before a permanent decision is made.
    AMINA A taƙaice dai, matakan gaba sun haɗa da: tattara ra’ayoyin ma’aikata a wannan mako, fara gwajin a farkon watan gobe, sannan mu sake tattaunawa bayan watanni uku.In short, the next steps include: gathering employees' opinions this week, starting the trial at the beginning of next month, and then discussing again after three months.

    Tambayoyin fahimta — Comprehension questions:

    1. What is the stated purpose of the proposal?
    2. What three steps make up Ibrahim's plan?
    3. What challenge does the community member raise, and how is it answered?
    4. What are the three next steps named at the close?

    Guided Practice

    Aikin fahimta — Recognition: Reread the Model Dialogue and label each turn as purpose, plan, anticipated challenge, question, response, or next steps.

    Aikin zaɓi — Selection: Choose the correct phrase (manufar wannan shawarwari ita ce, ana sa ran, mai yiwuwa wani ya tambaya, tambaya?, matakan gaba sun haɗa da) to complete six stages drawn from a short model proposal.

    Aikin tsari — Ordering: Arrange six scrambled proposal stages (purpose, plan, anticipated challenge, invitation for questions, response, next steps) into a coherent staged proposal.

    Aikin sake rubutu — Rewriting: Rewrite a proposal opening that assumes background knowledge, adding a full statement of purpose and plan for a new audience.

    Listening Practice

    Ask your instructor, a partner, or a text-to-speech tool to read the following passage aloud, twice. Answer the questions after listening.

    Sauraro — Shawarwarin Kwamitin Lafiya (Listening: A Health Committee Proposal)

    "Manufar wannan shawarwari ita ce mu buɗe ƙaramin asibitin al’umma sau ɗaya a mako don duba lafiyar yara ƙanana kyauta. Da farko, za mu horar da masu sa kai; sannan, mu sanar da iyaye ta wurin makaranta da masallaci; bayan haka, mu fara aikin a ranar Litinin ta farko ta wata mai zuwa. Ana sa ran wannan zai rage tafiye-tafiyen da iyaye ke yi zuwa babban asibiti mai nisa. Mai yiwuwa wani ya tambaya ko za a iya tabbatar da isashen magani. Ba koyaushe ba ne za mu iya tabbatar da komai daga farko, amma za mu fara da ƙananan kayan aiki masu mahimmanci. Tambaya? A taƙaice dai, matakan gaba sun haɗa da horar da masu sa kai a wannan mako, sannan fara aikin watan gobe."

    Kula na sauraro — Questions: (1) What is the stated purpose of the health committee's proposal? (2) What three steps make up the plan? (3) What challenge is anticipated, and how is it addressed? (4) What are the next steps?

    Rubutun sauraro don malami, abokin karatu, ko amfani da rubutun lantarki. Duba amsoshi a sashi na amsoshi.
    (Listening Script for Instructor, Partner, or Text-to-Speech Use. See Answer Key for expected responses.)

    Speaking Practice

    Atisayen ƙa’ida — Controlled substitution

    With a partner, take turns stating the purpose of a familiar small proposal (a class schedule change, a household improvement, a small community idea), then naming one step of the plan using sannan or bayan haka.

    Tattaunawa — Communicative task

    In a group of three, present a short staged proposal following the pattern of the Model Dialogue: one states the purpose and plan, one anticipates a challenge, and the group closes together with next steps, pausing to take a question from a listening classmate.

    Madadin karatu kai tsaye — Solo alternative

    Record yourself presenting a short proposal (five to seven sentences) that states a purpose, explains a plan, anticipates one likely question, and closes with next steps.

    Reading Practice

    Read the short passage below. Identify the purpose, the plan, the anticipated challenge, and the next steps.

    Karatu — Shawarwarin Ƙungiyar Matasa (Reading: A Youth Association Proposal)

    Shawarwari Kan Filin Wasa Na Al’umma

    Manufar wannan shawarwari ita ce mu gyara filin wasa na al’umma da ke kusa da makaranta, domin ya ɓaci sosai a cikin shekaru biyu da suka wuce. Da farko, ƙungiyar matasa za ta tattara gudummawa daga ’yan kasuwa da mazauna unguwa; sannan, mu sayi kayan aiki masu mahimmanci; bayan haka, mu fara aikin gyara a lokacin hutun makaranta. Ana sa ran wannan zai ba wa yara wurin wasa mai aminci kuma ya ƙarfafa haɗin kan al’umma. Mai yiwuwa wani ya tambaya ko za mu iya kammala aikin cikin lokaci. Ba koyaushe ba ne aikin gine-gine ke ƙarewa daidai lokacin da aka tsara, amma mun ƙirƙiro tsari da ɗan lokaci na ƙari idan aka buƙata. A taƙaice dai, matakan gaba sun haɗa da tattara gudummawa a wannan wata, sayan kayan aiki wata mai zuwa, sannan fara aikin gyara a lokacin hutu.

    Tambayoyin fahimta — Comprehension questions:

    1. What is the stated purpose of the youth association's proposal?
    2. What three steps make up the plan?
    3. What challenge is anticipated, and how is it addressed?
    4. Write a two-sentence summary of the proposal's next steps in your own words.

    Writing Workshop

    1. Karanta misalai da hankali. Reread Sections 19.1–19.5, the Model Dialogue, and the Reading Practice passage.
    2. Zaɓi batu. Choose a small community-oriented improvement (a family, school, workplace, or neighborhood project, including the scheduling-consultation proposal if you wish).
    3. Tsara shawarwari. Plan a short written proposal: one purpose statement, a three-step plan, one anticipated challenge with a qualifying response, and a closing list of next steps.
    4. Rubuta daftarin farko. Draft a 140–180 word written proposal in Boko, organized into clearly separated stages.
    5. Duba jerin bincike. Check your draft against the checklist below.
    6. Rubuta siffa ta ƙarshe. Produce a clean final version, then prepare to present it aloud, following the Speaking Practice instructions.

    Jerin binciken gyara — Editing checklist:

    • The proposal opens with a clear purpose statement using manufar wannan shawarwari ita ce.
    • The plan is organized into at least three steps using sequencing connectors from Chapter 16.
    • An expected outcome is stated with ana sa ran.
    • At least one likely challenge is anticipated with mai yiwuwa wani ya tambaya and answered with a qualifying or conceding phrase from Chapter 18.
    • Reference to people, the plan, and the issue itself is tracked without unnecessary repetition.
    • The proposal closes with concrete next steps introduced by matakan gaba sun haɗa da.
    • Special characters (ɓ, ɗ, ƙ, ƴ) and apostrophe/glottal conventions are used accurately.
    • No unscheduled grammar beyond the Chapter 18 level is required to understand the proposal.

    Culture and Communication

    Culture in Context — Presenting a plan to a wider audience

    When a proposal that began among a small group of colleagues is presented to a wider staff-and-community audience, speakers commonly restate the background in full rather than assuming prior knowledge, since many listeners are hearing the plan for the first time. Anticipating a likely question before it is asked, as in mai yiwuwa wani ya tambaya, is valued in many Hausa community and workplace settings because it shows the presenters have considered the audience's concerns in advance, which builds trust before the discussion even opens.

    Regional Variation — Shared proposal structure, varied presentation style

    The purpose-plan-anticipated-challenge-next-steps structure introduced in this chapter is broadly shared across Hausa-speaking workplaces, schools, and community associations in Nigeria, Niger, and other regions, but the degree of formality in the opening address, the use of respectful titles for elders or officials present, and the amount of time given to open questions varies by setting. Learners should adjust these elements to the specific audience and occasion.

    Common Mistakes

    Common Mistake — Assuming the audience already knows the background

    Error: Beginning a presentation with "Kamar yadda muka riga muka yarda…" ("as we already agreed…") when the audience was not part of the earlier discussion.

    Correction: Restate the purpose and plan in full at the opening, as in Manufar wannan shawarwari ita ce…, even if the presenters already discussed it privately.

    Common Mistake — Listing steps without a plan structure

    Error: Naming several actions without sequencing connectors, leaving the audience unsure what happens first, next, and last.

    Correction: Use da farko, sannan, bayan haka to organize the plan clearly, as in Da farko, za mu tattara ra’ayoyin ma’aikata… sannan, mu tsara jadawalin gwaji…

    Common Mistake — Closing without concrete next steps

    Error: Ending a proposal with only a general summary sentence and no concrete next actions, leaving the audience unsure what will actually happen next.

    Correction: Add a closing list of next steps, introduced with matakan gaba sun haɗa da, as in A taƙaice dai, matakan gaba sun haɗa da tattara ra’ayoyin ma’aikata a wannan mako…

    Chapter Summary

    This chapter consolidated the Chapter 16 connectors, the Chapter 17 main-idea/support/conclusion structure, and the Chapter 18 qualifying/conceding/challenging language, and introduced the staged structure of a community-oriented proposal: stating purpose, explaining the plan, anticipating a challenge, inviting and responding to questions, and closing with next steps. Practice continued the Amina, Ibrahim, and Salamatu workplace storyline as the three colleagues turned their Chapter 18 staff-meeting agreement into a written and spoken proposal for a wider staff-and-community gathering, alongside a health committee's proposal and a youth association's proposal, building toward the final C1 functional project of Chapter 20.

    Chapter Review

    Sashi na A — Kalmomi (Vocabulary)

    1. List the ten new vocabulary items introduced in this chapter, with their English meanings.

    Sashi na B — Nahawu (Grammar)

    1. Write a purpose statement using manufar wannan shawarwari ita ce about a topic of your choice.

    2. Write a three-step plan for that proposal using da farko, sannan, bayan haka.

    3. Write an expected-outcome sentence using ana sa ran.

    4. Write an anticipated challenge and response using mai yiwuwa wani ya tambaya and a qualifying or conceding phrase.

    5. Write a closing next-steps sentence using matakan gaba sun haɗa da.

    Sashi na C — Karatu da Rubutu

    1. Reread the Reading Practice passage and write a two-sentence summary in English.

    2. Write your 140–180-word community-oriented proposal, following the Writing Workshop instructions.

    Sashi na D — Magana

    1. Present your proposal to a partner or instructor, following the Speaking Practice instructions, and respond to at least one question.

    Practical Performance Task

    Aikin Aiwatarwa — Babi na 19

    Gabatar da Shawarwari: Daga Tsari Zuwa Aiki — Presenting a Proposal: From Plan to Action

    Complete all four components, producing a single connected community-oriented proposal (the office scheduling-consultation proposal from this chapter may be reused, developed further).

    • Listening: Listen to the health committee proposal and answer the comprehension questions.
    • Speaking: Present your own five- to seven-sentence proposal with a purpose, a plan, an anticipated challenge, and next steps, and respond to a partner's question.
    • Reading: Read the youth association proposal and answer the comprehension questions, including the summary task.
    • Writing: Submit your 140–180-word written proposal with all five stages clearly present.

    Evaluation criteria: a clearly stated purpose; a plan organized into sequenced steps; a stated expected outcome; a respectful, reason-supported anticipated challenge with a qualifying or conceding response; a closing list of concrete next steps; correct recycled vocabulary and grammar from Chapters 1–18; correct gender/plural recording where relevant; correct ordinary Boko spelling and special characters; comprehensible, task-fulfilling spoken and written communication appropriate to the B2–C1 range of Volume IV.

    CriterionMeets ExpectationsNeeds Review
    Purpose statementClear purpose stated at the opening of the proposalMissing, unclear, or stated only partway through
    Plan organizationPlan is organized into sequenced steps with connectorsSteps listed without sequencing, or unclear order
    Anticipated challengeChallenge is reason-supported and answered with a qualifying or conceding phraseNo challenge anticipated, or response lacks a reason
    Next stepsProposal closes with concrete, specific next stepsNo next steps, or only a general summary sentence
    Reference trackingPeople, the plan, and the issue are tracked clearly across the proposalReferents unclear across the proposal

    Independent Study Tools

    Self-check: Can you state a proposal's purpose, organize a plan into sequenced steps, anticipate and answer a likely challenge, and close with concrete next steps? If not, review Sections 19.1–19.5 before submitting your Practical Performance Task.

    Vocabulary review method: Make a five-part proposal outline card — purpose, plan, anticipated challenge, questions, next steps — and fill in a new example set every day this week.

    Extra practice: Write three additional short proposals (five to six sentences each) about small everyday improvements (a household project, a class activity, a small neighborhood idea), each with a purpose, a plan, one anticipated challenge, and next steps.

    Answer Key / Amsoshi

    Tambayoyin fahimta na tattaunawa (Dialogue comprehension)

    1. The stated purpose is to try consulting employees about the schedule once a month, for three months.
    2. Ibrahim's plan is: gather employees' opinions in writing, design the trial schedule, then begin the trial.
    3. A community member challenges that employees who don't want the trial might be affected; Ibrahim responds that everyone's opinions will be gathered and no one will be forced.
    4. The three next steps are: gathering employees' opinions this week, starting the trial at the beginning of next month, and discussing again after three months.

    Kula na sauraro (Listening responses)

    (1) The stated purpose is to open a small community clinic once a week for free child health checkups. (2) The plan is: train volunteers, inform parents through the school and mosque, then begin the program on the first Monday of the following month. (3) The anticipated challenge is whether enough medicine can be guaranteed; the response concedes that not everything can be guaranteed from the start but promises to begin with the most essential supplies. (4) The next steps are training volunteers this week and beginning the program next month.

    Tambayoyin karatu (Reading comprehension)

    1. The stated purpose is to repair the community playground near the school, which has deteriorated over the past two years.
    2. The plan is: gather contributions from traders and neighborhood residents, buy essential equipment, then begin repairs during the school holiday.
    3. The anticipated challenge is whether the work can be finished on time; the response concedes that construction work does not always finish exactly on schedule, but explains that a plan with extra time has been built in.
    4. Sample summary: The youth association will gather contributions this month and buy equipment next month. Repair work will then begin during the school holiday.

    Sashi na B (Grammar)

    1. Sample: Manufar wannan shawarwari ita ce mu inganta wurin karatu na dakin karatu na unguwa.
    2. Sample: Da farko, za mu tattara littattafan da ake buƙata; sannan, mu tsara sabon lokacin buɗewa; bayan haka, mu sanar da al’umma.
    3. Sample: Ana sa ran wannan zai ƙara yawan yara masu zuwa dakin karatu bayan makaranta.
    4. Sample: Mai yiwuwa wani ya tambaya ko za mu iya samun isashen kuɗi. Ba koyaushe ba ne za mu iya samun komai a lokaci guda, amma za mu fara da abin da ake buƙata sosai.
    5. Sample: A taƙaice dai, matakan gaba sun haɗa da tattara littattafai a wannan wata, sannan buɗe sabon lokacin karatu watan gobe.

    Sashi na C (Sample writing)

    Manufar wannan shawarwari ita ce mu tsara sabon jadawalin tsaftar unguwarmu domin titunanmu sun ɓaci a cikin watanni da suka wuce. Da farko, za mu tattara sunayen mazauna da suke son shiga aikin sa kai; sannan, mu raba unguwar zuwa sassa huɗu; bayan haka, mu fara tsaftace sashi ɗaya a kowane mako. Ana sa ran wannan zai sa unguwarmu ta zama mai tsafta kuma mai aminci ga yara. Mai yiwuwa wani ya tambaya ko mazauna za su ci gaba da shiga bayan wata na farko. Ba koyaushe ba ne mutane ke ci gaba da sha’awa a farkon aiki, amma za mu naɗa shugabannin kowane sashi domin tuna wa kowa. A taƙaice dai, matakan gaba sun haɗa da tattara sunayen mazauna a wannan mako, sannan fara tsaftar sashi na farko a mako mai zuwa.

    Sample closing next-steps statement: A taƙaice dai, matakan gaba sun haɗa da tattara sunayen mazauna a wannan mako, sannan fara aikin tsaftacewa mako mai zuwa.

    Other accurate, well-organized proposals that state a purpose, explain a sequenced plan, anticipate and answer a respectful challenge, and close with concrete next steps are equally acceptable.

    Looking Ahead

    Abin da ka/ki koya — What you have learned

    This chapter consolidated the Chapter 16 connector systems, the Chapter 17 main-idea/support/conclusion structure, and the Chapter 18 qualifying/conceding/challenging language, and introduced the staged structure of a community-oriented proposal — stating purpose, explaining the plan, anticipating a challenge, inviting and responding to questions, and closing with next steps — continuing the Amina, Ibrahim, and Salamatu workplace storyline into a joint staff-and-community presentation of their scheduling-consultation trial.

    Mai Zuwa — Coming Up

    Chapter 20, Aikin Ƙarshe: Hausa Mai Aiki (Final C1 Functional Project), brings together the professional, institutional, media, civic, cultural, regional, mediation, narrative, analytical, and proposal skills developed across Volume IV into a single advanced functional project spanning professional, civic, media, and analytical domains.