स्वास्थ्य और भावनाएँ
Chapter Objectives
By the end of this chapter, you will be able to:
- Name common body parts.
- Describe a simple symptom or discomfort.
- Say how you feel using the experiencer construction with को.
- Express hunger, thirst, pain, and basic need using patterns such as मुझे भूख लगी है and मुझे दर्द है.
- Ask for help or request a health-related appointment politely.
- Understand simple advice given with चाहिए.
- Read a clinic form, appointment note, or simple health instruction.
- Write a brief health message or advice note.
Communication Scenario
Anil wakes up feeling unwell before work. He calls his friend Meena, who happens to have some free time, and she suggests he visit a nearby clinic. At the clinic, Anil describes his symptoms to the receptionist and receives simple advice.
- Notice how Anil describes what he feels using मुझे rather than मैं as the subject.
- Notice how Meena and the receptionist give advice using चाहिए.
Where This Chapter Fits
Chapter 12 continues Unit III, शहर, स्वास्थ्य, पढ़ाई और काम. It builds on the movement and polite-request language of Chapter 11 and extends the formulaic मुझे ... चाहिए pattern from Chapter 6 into a fuller experiencer system.
Coming Into This Chapter
You can ask for and give directions, make polite requests with क्या आप ... सकते हैं?, and use मुझे ... पसंद है and मुझे ... चाहिए from earlier chapters.
New in This Chapter
Body parts and symptoms; the experiencer construction with को (मुझे, आपको); patterns such as मुझे दर्द है, मुझे भूख लगी है, and मुझे प्यास लगी है; चाहिए expanded for advice; and the progressive introduced formulaically in feeling expressions such as मुझे अच्छा लग रहा है.
Looking Forward
Chapter 13, पढ़ाई और काम, develops the progressive as a full productive system and introduces ability with सकना in school and work contexts.
Core Vocabulary
12.1 Body parts
| Hindi | Meaning | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| सिर | head | — |
| पेट | stomach | — |
| गला | throat | — |
| हाथ | hand, arm | — |
| पैर | foot, leg | — |
| आँख | eye | chandrabindu; nasalization review |
| कान | ear | — |
| पीठ | back | — |
| नाक | nose | — |
| दाँत | tooth | chandrabindu review |
12.2 Symptoms and feelings
| Hindi | Meaning | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| दर्द | pain | used with को |
| बुख़ार / बुखार | fever | nukta variant noted |
| खाँसी | cough | — |
| थकान | tiredness | — |
| भूख | hunger | formulaic from Chapter 6, expanded here |
| प्यास | thirst | formulaic from Chapter 6, expanded here |
| ठंड | cold (feeling), coldness | — |
| अच्छा लगना | to feel good | light-verb expression, receptive nuance |
| बुरा लगना | to feel bad | light-verb expression, receptive nuance |
12.3 Health needs and appointments
| Hindi | Meaning | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| डॉक्टर | doctor | English loanword |
| दवा | medicine | — |
| क्लिनिक | clinic | English loanword |
| अपॉइंटमेंट | appointment | English loanword, common in urban settings |
| आराम | rest | — |
| आराम करना | to rest | — |
| मदद | help | — |
| मदद चाहिए | need help | formulaic request |
Productive vocabulary count: approximately 30-40 items, within the ordinary chapter range. Receptive only: additional clinic and pharmacy terms, formal health vocabulary, and emergency vocabulary are recognition-only at this stage.
Devanagari and Pronunciation
This chapter introduces no new letters or matras. It revisits nasalization, anusvara, and chandrabindu contrast, and develops schwa deletion in familiar health vocabulary.
The chandrabindu in आँख and दाँत marks nasalization on the vowel. Practice these words alongside their non-nasalized look-alikes from earlier chapters to keep the contrast clear.
Practice reading थकान and अपॉइंटमेंट aloud. Remember that दर्द is read as a single tight syllable cluster rather than "da-ra-da."
Read मुझे बुखार है। with a falling, concerned tone, and आपको आराम करना चाहिए। with a gentle, advising tone rather than a flat command.
Grammar and Sentence Patterns
12.4 The experiencer construction with को
Hindi describes many physical sensations, needs, and feelings from the experiencer's point of view rather than treating the person as the grammatical subject of "have." मुझे is the contracted form of मुझको ("to me"), and आपको means "to you." The thing experienced, such as दर्द or बुखार, functions as the grammatical subject, and है or हैं agrees with it. Do not translate this pattern word-for-word using English "have."
12.5 Expanded formulas with लगना
You met मुझे ... चाहिए formulaically in Chapter 6. This chapter develops the related को + लगना pattern for hunger, thirst, and temperature sensations. मुझे ठंड लग रही है uses the progressive formulaically to describe a feeling in progress; it is a fixed expression at this stage, not yet a fully analyzed progressive system.
12.6 Feeling good or bad: अच्छा/बुरा लगना
This pattern is controlled and formulaic. Learners should recognize and use the whole expression rather than analyzing लगना as a general verb yet.
12.7 Advice and need with expanded चाहिए
चाहिए was introduced with nouns in Chapter 6 (मुझे पानी चाहिए). This chapter extends it to infinitive-plus-चाहिए patterns for giving advice, following the same को experiencer subject.
12.8 Polite help requests
Combine this chapter's को patterns with the polite request formula from Chapter 11 (क्या आप ... सकते हैं?) to ask for help in a health context.
Boundary: This chapter does not introduce a full medical register, complex advice grammar, or the subjunctive or imperative as full systems. लगना in feeling expressions and the progressive in लग रहा है remain formulaic, not analyzed.
Model Dialogue
Setting: Anil calls his friend Meena because he is not feeling well.
Setting: At the clinic, a receptionist asks Anil about his symptoms.
Meena's closing question, क्या आप डॉक्टर के पास जाएँगे?, and the receptionist's डॉक्टर आपको अभी देखेंगे, use future forms. Future forms are not taught productively until Chapter 17; here they appear only as natural, glossed lines and are not tested in this chapter.
समझ के प्रश्न — Comprehension questions:
- अनिल को क्या तकलीफ़ है? (What is bothering Anil?)
- मीना अनिल को क्या सलाह देती है? (What advice does Meena give Anil?)
- अनिल कहाँ जाएगा? (Where will Anil go?)
Listening Practice
Ask your instructor, a study partner, or a fluent Hindi speaker to read the model dialogues and the passage below aloud twice. On the first listen, note only the main symptom mentioned. On the second listen, complete the table.
If no speaker is available, this is a Listening Script for Independent Use. Read the passage slowly at first, then at a natural pace. Any spoken model should be verified by a fluent Hindi speaker before being treated as a pronunciation standard.
सीमा की तबीयत — Seema's Health:
"आज सीमा को अच्छा नहीं लग रहा है। उसे पेट में दर्द है, और उसे थकान भी है। उसकी माँ कहती है, 'तुम्हें आराम करना चाहिए और गरम पानी पीना चाहिए।' सीमा घर पर रहती है और आराम करती है।"
सुनने का काम — Listening task:
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| सीमा को क्या तकलीफ़ है? (What is bothering Seema?) | ______ |
| सीमा को और क्या है? (What else does Seema have?) | ______ |
| सीमा की माँ क्या सलाह देती है? (What advice does Seema's mother give?) | ______ |
| सीमा आज कहाँ रहती है? (Where does Seema stay today?) | ______ |
Reading Practice
Read each of the three short health-related texts below, sounding out the Devanagari carefully, then answer the questions.
तकलीफ़: बुखार, खाँसी
कितने दिन से: तीन दिन से
समझ के प्रश्न — Comprehension questions:
- What is Raj Kumar's problem on the clinic form, and for how long?
- When is the appointment with Dr. Sharma?
- According to the health advice note, what should you do if the fever continues after three days?
Writing Workshop
Write a short health message in Devanagari to a friend or a clinic.
लेखन कार्य — Writing task: Write five to seven sentences describing how you feel today (real or imagined), naming at least one symptom, and asking for or giving one piece of advice.
- Greet the reader. Use a courtesy formula from Chapter 1.
- Say how you feel. Use मुझे अच्छा नहीं लग रहा है or a similar formula.
- Name a symptom. Use the को experiencer pattern, such as मुझे ... है.
- Give or ask for advice. Use चाहिए with an infinitive.
- Ask for help if appropriate. Use क्या आप ... सकते हैं? from Chapter 11.
- Close politely. Use a closing courtesy formula.
संपादन सूची — Editing checklist:
- The experiencer construction with मुझे or आपको is used correctly, not translated word-for-word from English "have."
- At least one symptom or feeling word from this chapter's vocabulary appears.
- चाहिए is used correctly with an infinitive for advice.
- A polite request formula from Chapter 11 is used correctly, if included.
- A danda (।) ends each sentence, and spelling matches this chapter's vocabulary.
Speaking Practice
नियंत्रित अभ्यास — Controlled practice: reading the model dialogues aloud
Read both model dialogues above aloud twice: once slowly, sounding out each word, and once at a more natural pace. Pay attention to nasalization in आँख and दाँत, and to concerned versus advising intonation.
संचार कार्य — Communicative task: describing a health issue and requesting help
With a partner, take turns describing a simple health issue and requesting help. The listener should respond with at least one piece of advice using चाहिए.
अकेले अभ्यास — Solo alternative
Record yourself describing how you feel today, naming one symptom, and giving yourself one piece of advice using चाहिए.
Culture and Communication
Describing symptoms and asking for help calls for polite, measured language, often softened with courtesy formulas. Family members, friends, pharmacists, and clinic staff may all be involved in a health conversation, and the relationship between speakers shapes how directly advice is given.
Health-seeking practices differ by region, household, income, and setting. Some people first consult family members or a local pharmacist, while others go directly to a clinic or hospital. No single pattern represents all Hindi-speaking communities.
Common Mistakes
Error: Saying मैं बुखार हूँ, translating English "I have" directly with मैं as the subject.
Correction: Use the experiencer construction: मुझे बुखार है. The symptom, not the person, is the grammatical subject.
Error: Saying मुझे बुखार हैं when बुखार is a singular noun.
Correction: Match है or हैं to the experienced noun's number: मुझे बुखार है (singular).
Error: Using चाहिए in a flat, commanding tone as if it were an order.
Correction: Use चाहिए with a gentle, advising tone, and pair it with courtesy formulas where appropriate, such as शायद आपको आराम करना चाहिए.
Chapter Review
भाग A — समझ (Comprehension)
1. Return to the model dialogues and answer in English:
- What three symptoms does Anil describe in total, across both dialogues?
- What two pieces of advice does Meena give?
भाग B — व्याकरण (Grammar)
1. Complete with the correct experiencer pattern:
- ______ सिरदर्द है। (I have a headache)
- ______ भूख लगी है। (You [आप] are hungry)
2. Rewrite this sentence using चाहिए for advice: आराम करना (you should rest).
3. Correct the error: मैं बुखार हूँ।
4. Write one question asking a friend politely whether they have a fever.
भाग C — पठन (Reading)
1. Return to the three texts above and answer:
- What time is the appointment with Dr. Sharma?
- According to the clinic form, how many days has Raj Kumar had his symptoms?
भाग D — लेखन (Writing)
1. Write the health message described in the Writing Workshop above, following all six steps.
भाग E — वाचन (Speaking)
1. With a partner, describe a health issue and request help without reading from a script, and have your partner respond with advice.
Cumulative Review
This chapter recycles मुझे ... पसंद है and मुझे ... चाहिए (Chapter 6), polite request formulas (Chapter 11), routine and time vocabulary (Chapter 9), location and directions (Chapter 11), and basic negation (Chapter 9).
Practical Performance Task
तबीयत के बारे में बात करना — Talking About How You Feel
Complete the following four connected tasks in order.
- Listen to the model dialogues or listening passage above and complete the listening table.
- Speak with a partner (or record yourself): describe a basic health condition and state what help or action is needed.
- Read the clinic form, appointment note, and health advice note above and answer the comprehension questions.
- Write a short health message following the Writing Workshop checklist.
| Criterion | What is assessed |
|---|---|
| Experiencer construction | Correct use of मुझे / आपको with symptoms and feelings. |
| Symptom and feeling vocabulary | Accurate use of body parts, symptoms, and feeling expressions from this chapter. |
| Advice with चाहिए | Correct infinitive-plus-चाहिए patterns for giving advice. |
| Politeness and help requests | Appropriate courtesy formulas and a polite request for help. |
| Devanagari reading and writing | Health texts read accurately; message written with correct spelling and minimal romanization. |
This task evaluates only what this chapter has taught. It does not require a full medical register, complex advice grammar, the progressive as a full system, or the subjunctive or imperative as full systems — those remain outside this chapter's scope.
Answer Key
Model Dialogues — Comprehension
- Anil describes a fever (बुखार), a headache (सिरदर्द), and a bad throat (गला ख़राब).
- Meena advises him to rest (आराम करना चाहिए) and to drink more water (पानी ज़्यादा पीना चाहिए).
Listening
- Seema has a stomachache (पेट में दर्द).
- She also has tiredness (थकान).
- Her mother advises her to rest and drink warm water (आराम करना और गरम पानी पीना चाहिए).
- Seema stays home today (घर पर).
Reading — Comprehension
- Raj Kumar has a fever and cough (बुखार, खाँसी) for three days.
- The appointment with Dr. Sharma is tomorrow at 10 a.m.
- If the fever continues after three days, you should go to the doctor.
Chapter Review — भाग B
- (a) मुझे (b) आपको
- आपको आराम करना चाहिए।
- मुझे बुखार है।
- Sample answer: क्या आपको बुखार है?
Chapter Review — भाग C
- (a) Tomorrow at 10 a.m. (b) Three days.
Looking Ahead
अब आप क्या कर सकते हैं — What you can do now
You can name common body parts, describe a basic symptom or feeling, use मुझे and आपको to talk about experiences, give and understand simple advice with चाहिए, and read and write a short health message in Devanagari.