आगे की योजनाएँ
Chapter Objectives
By the end of this chapter, you will be able to:
- Talk about future plans using controlled future-tense verb forms.
- State intention with चाहना in controlled frames.
- Describe a near-future or already-arranged plan with वाला/वाली/वाले है/हैं in a formulaic pattern.
- Invite someone to an event and accept, decline, or suggest another time.
- Make an appointment using dates, days, and times.
- Read a short event announcement or calendar entry in Devanagari.
Communication Scenario
Rohan calls Priya back a few days later to invite her to his cousin's birthday party next Saturday. Priya checks her schedule, asks about the time and place, and they agree on a plan. Along the way, Priya has to decline one part of the invitation because of a prior commitment and suggests an alternative.
- Notice how the future ending changes with the subject: मैं जाऊँगा/जाऊँगी, आप जाएँगे/जाएँगी.
- Notice how वाला/वाली/वाले है/हैं signals a plan that is already arranged, not a general future intention.
Where This Chapter Fits
Chapter 17 continues Unit IV, अनुभव, योजना और कहानी. Chapter 16 developed controlled productive ने for narrating last week. Chapter 17 turns from the past to the future, introducing new verb endings for the first time since progressive was introduced in Chapter 13.
Coming Into This Chapter
You can narrate a short personal story about last week using मैंने and controlled transitive verbs, and you can sequence events with chronological connectors such as पहले, फिर, and उसके बाद.
New in This Chapter
Future verb forms become productive for the first time, in controlled first-, second-, and third-person contexts. You will also practice intention with चाहना, near-future plans with वाला है/हैं, and inviting, accepting, declining, and rescheduling.
Looking Forward
Chapter 18, अनुभव और राय, turns to experiences, opinions, and comparison, while continuing to recycle future forms for stating plans and recommendations.
Core Vocabulary
17.1 Events and appointments
| Hindi | Meaning | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| जन्मदिन की पार्टी | birthday party | new event vocabulary |
| समारोह | event, function, ceremony | somewhat formal; recognized broadly |
| मुलाक़ात / मुलाकात | appointment, meeting | nukta variant noted |
| निमंत्रण | invitation | recognized formal noun; recycled verb below is productive |
| बुलाना | to invite, to call | controlled transitive verb for this chapter |
| तैयारी करना | to prepare, to get ready | compound expression; recognition-level nuance |
17.2 Dates and calendar expressions
| Hindi | Meaning | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| अगला सप्ताह / अगले सप्ताह | next week | oblique form used adverbially; contrasts with Chapter 16's पिछला सप्ताह |
| अगला हफ़्ता / अगले हफ़्ते | next week (informal) | everyday alternative |
| अगले शनिवार को | next Saturday | recycled day name with new time frame |
| तारीख़ / तारीख | date | nukta variant noted |
| कैलेंडर | calendar | common English loan, used naturally in Hindi |
| समय तय करना | to fix a time, to set a time | everyday planning expression |
17.3 Invitation and response language
| Hindi | Meaning | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| क्या आप आएँगे/आएँगी? | Will you come? | formulaic future question for invitations |
| ज़रूर आऊँगा/आऊँगी | I will definitely come | formulaic acceptance |
| माफ़ कीजिए, मैं नहीं आ सकूँगा/सकूँगी | Sorry, I won't be able to come | formulaic polite decline |
| क्या हम किसी और दिन मिल सकते हैं? | Can we meet on another day? | rescheduling formula |
| कोई बात नहीं | no problem, that's all right | recycled courtesy formula |
Productive vocabulary for this chapter is limited to the items above: event and appointment vocabulary, expanded date/calendar expressions, and invitation-response formulas. All other vocabulary in this chapter is recycled from earlier chapters.
Devanagari and Pronunciation Focus
This chapter introduces no new letters or matras. It focuses on the pronunciation of future verb endings and the rhythm of invitation and response exchanges.
Practice the nasalized vowel in जाऊँगा, जाऊँगी, जाएँगे, and जाएँगी. The chandrabindu-marked vowel is a genuine part of the word and must not be dropped in careful speech.
Review schwa deletion in familiar words such as तारीख़, तैयारी, and मुलाक़ात. Read each aloud as a natural spoken word rather than sounding out every written vowel.
Listen for the rising, warm intonation of क्या आप आएँगे? compared with the softer, apologetic tone of माफ़ कीजिए, मैं नहीं आ सकूँगा. Tone carries as much social meaning here as the words themselves.
Grammar and Sentence Patterns
17.4 Language Focus — Future forms
Hindi future verb forms agree with the subject in person, number, and gender. This chapter introduces controlled future forms in first, second, and third person for a small set of familiar verbs, most often जाना and आना.
This chapter limits productive future practice to जाना and आना in first-, second-, and third-person singular forms. Plural subjects and other verbs appear only in formulaic or recognition contexts.
17.5 Language Focus — Intention with चाहना
चाहना combines with an infinitive to express intention or desire. The infinitive agrees with the subject's gender and number, and चाहना itself also agrees with the subject.
17.6 Language Focus — Near-future plans with वाला/वाली/वाले है/हैं
The वाला construction expresses a plan that is already arranged or about to happen, rather than a general future intention. It is introduced here formulaically with a small set of familiar verbs.
Do not confuse the two future patterns. मैं जाऊँगा expresses future action generally, while मैं जाने वाला हूँ signals that the plan is already fixed or imminent. Both are useful, and this chapter treats the second pattern formulaically rather than as a fully analyzed system.
17.7 Language Building Block — Inviting, accepting, declining, and rescheduling
This chapter does not require full future paradigms for all verbs, plural or first-person-plural future forms beyond recognition, subjunctive forms, or advanced conditional planning. Productive practice remains limited to जाना and आना in the future, चाहना with familiar infinitives, and the formulaic वाला है/हैं pattern.
Model Dialogue
Setting: Rohan calls Priya to invite her to his cousin's birthday party.
समझ के प्रश्न — Comprehension questions:
- पार्टी कब और कहाँ होगी? (When and where will the party be?)
- रोहन जल्दी क्यों जाने वाला है? (Why is Rohan going early?)
- प्रिया की बहन शनिवार को क्यों नहीं आ सकेगी? (Why won't Priya's sister be able to come on Saturday?)
Listening Practice
Ask your instructor, a study partner, or a fluent Hindi speaker to read the model dialogue and the passage below aloud twice. On the first listen, note only who is invited and when. On the second listen, complete the table.
If no speaker is available, this is a Listening Script for Independent Use. Read the passage slowly at first, then at a natural pace. Any spoken model should be verified by a fluent Hindi speaker before being treated as a pronunciation standard.
सोनल का संदेश — Sonal's Message:
"नमस्ते! अगले रविवार को मेरे कॉलेज में एक छोटा-सा समारोह है। क्या आप आएँगे? समारोह दोपहर को दो बजे शुरू होगा। मैं वहाँ पहले से जाने वाली हूँ, इसलिए हम वहीं मिलेंगे। अगर आप नहीं आ सकते, तो कृपया मुझे बताइए, हम किसी और दिन मिल सकते हैं।"
सुनने का काम — Listening task:
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| समारोह कब है? (When is the event?) | ______ |
| समारोह कहाँ होगा? (Where will the event be?) | ______ |
| समारोह किस समय शुरू होगा? (What time will the event start?) | ______ |
| अगर आप नहीं आ सकते, तो सोनल क्या कहती है? (If you can't come, what does Sonal say?) | ______ |
Reading Practice
Read the short event announcement below, sounding out unfamiliar words carefully, then answer the questions.
समझ के प्रश्न — Comprehension questions:
- What is the date and time of the event?
- Where will the event take place?
- What are guests asked to do?
Writing Workshop
Write a short invitation and reply exchange about a plan for next week.
लेखन कार्य — Writing task: Write six to eight sentences: (1) invite someone to an event using a future-tense question with आएँगे/आएँगी, (2) state your own intention with चाहना or a near-future plan with वाला है/हैं, (3) include one acceptance or one polite decline with a suggested alternative day, and (4) include a date, day, or time expression from this chapter's vocabulary.
- Set the invitation. Begin with क्या आप ... आएँगे/आएँगी? and name the event.
- State the details. Give the day, time, and place using vocabulary from this chapter.
- Respond. Accept with ज़रूर आऊँगा/आऊँगी or decline politely with माफ़ कीजिए, मैं ... नहीं आ सकूँगा/सकूँगी.
- If declining, suggest an alternative. Use क्या हम किसी और दिन मिल सकते हैं?
- Close politely. Use a courtesy formula recycled from earlier chapters.
संपादन सूची — Editing checklist:
- The future verb ending agrees with the subject's person, number, and gender.
- Only जाना and आना are used in the future tense, as scheduled for this chapter.
- The वाला है/हैं pattern, if used, is not mixed with the general future ending in the same clause.
- A date, day, or time expression appears at least once.
- A danda (।) ends each sentence, and spelling matches this chapter's vocabulary.
Speaking Practice
नियंत्रित अभ्यास — Controlled practice: substitution drill
Practice the pattern क्या आप ___ आएँगे/आएँगी? by substituting different events: पार्टी में, समारोह में, मेरे घर. Answer each with ज़रूर आऊँगा/आऊँगी or a polite decline.
संचार कार्य — Communicative task: planning a meeting
With a partner, take turns inviting each other to an event next week. One partner accepts; the other declines politely and suggests a different day. Use at least one future-tense sentence and one वाला है/हैं sentence each.
अकेले अभ्यास — Solo alternative
Record yourself inviting an imagined friend to an event, then record a polite decline and a suggested alternative day. Listen back and check your future-tense agreement.
Culture and Communication
Declining an invitation directly can feel abrupt in many Hindi-speaking social contexts. Pairing a decline with an apology word such as माफ़ कीजिए and offering an alternative, such as suggesting another day, is a common and appreciated softening strategy, though exact expectations vary by relationship and setting.
Birthdays and other family celebrations may involve close family only, extended family, or a wider circle of friends and neighbors, depending on the family, region, and occasion. Avoid assuming that any single celebration style represents all Hindi-speaking households.
Common Mistakes
Error: A woman saying मैं जाऊँगा.
Correction: The future ending must agree with the speaker's gender: मैं जाऊँगी.
Error: Saying मैं जाने वाला जाऊँगा.
Correction: Use one pattern at a time: मैं जाऊँगा (general future) or मैं जाने वाला हूँ (already-arranged plan), not both together.
Error: Saying only नहीं, मैं नहीं आऊँगा with no softening.
Correction: Add a polite opener and, where possible, an alternative: माफ़ कीजिए, मैं नहीं आ सकूँगा। क्या हम किसी और दिन मिल सकते हैं?
Chapter Review
भाग A — समझ (Comprehension)
1. Return to the model dialogue and answer in English:
- What plan does Rohan already have for the day of the party?
- What alternative do Rohan and Priya agree on for Priya's sister?
भाग B — व्याकरण (Grammar)
1. Complete with the correct future form of जाना or आना:
- मैं कल पार्टी में ______। (I will go, feminine speaker)
- क्या आप शनिवार को ______? (Will you come, respectful)
- वह अगले हफ़्ते ______। (He will go, masculine)
2. Rewrite as an already-arranged plan using वाला है: मैं कल दफ़्तर जाऊँगा।
3. Write a polite decline with an alternative for this invitation: क्या आप रविवार को आएँगे?
भाग C — पठन (Reading)
1. Return to the invitation card above and answer:
- What day, time, and place are given?
- What action does the card request from guests?
भाग D — लेखन (Writing)
1. Write the invitation and reply exchange described in the Writing Workshop above, following all five steps.
भाग E — वाचन (Speaking)
1. With a partner, act out an invitation, a decline, and a rescheduled plan, using at least one future-tense sentence and one वाला है/हैं sentence each.
Cumulative Review
This chapter recycles days and time expressions (Chapter 9), polite request and courtesy formulas (Chapters 1, 6, 12, 13), and controlled ने narration (Chapter 16), while developing productive future forms, चाहना for intention, and the formulaic वाला है/हैं pattern for the first time.
Practical Performance Task
आगे की योजना — Making a Plan
Complete the following four connected tasks in order.
- Listen to the model dialogue or listening passage above and complete the listening table.
- Speak with a partner (or record yourself): invite, respond, and if needed reschedule a plan, using at least one future-tense sentence and one वाला है/हैं sentence.
- Read the invitation card above and answer the comprehension questions.
- Write the invitation and reply exchange following the Writing Workshop checklist.
| Criterion | What is assessed |
|---|---|
| Future forms | Correct agreement of जाना/आना future endings with subject person, number, and gender. |
| Intention and near-future plans | Appropriate use of चाहना and the formulaic वाला है/हैं pattern. |
| Invitation and response | Clear invitation, appropriate acceptance or polite decline, and, where needed, a suggested alternative. |
| Dates and times | At least one date, day, or time expression used accurately. |
| Devanagari reading and writing | Invitation card and dialogue read accurately; exchange written with correct spelling and minimal romanization. |
This task evaluates only what this chapter has taught. It does not require full future paradigms for all verbs, subjunctive forms, or advanced conditional planning.
Answer Key
Model Dialogue — Comprehension
- The party will be at Rohan's house next Saturday at six in the evening (पार्टी हमारे घर पर होगी, शाम को छह बजे). Rohan is going there early to help with preparations (मैं वहाँ जल्दी जाने वाला हूँ, तैयारी में मदद करने के लिए).
- Priya's sister cannot come on Saturday because she has to go to work, so Rohan and Priya agree to meet her another day (क्या हम उससे किसी और दिन मिल सकते हैं? / कोई बात नहीं).
Listening
- The event is next Sunday.
- The event will be at Sonal's college.
- The event will start at two in the afternoon.
- Sonal says please tell her, and they can meet on another day.
Reading — Comprehension
- The date is next Saturday, the time is six in the evening, and the place is the Sharma family's house in New Delhi.
- Guests are asked to confirm that they will come (अपने आने की पुष्टि कीजिए).
Chapter Review — भाग B
- (a) जाऊँगी (b) आएँगे (c) जाएगा
- मैं कल दफ़्तर जाने वाला हूँ।
- माफ़ कीजिए, मैं रविवार को नहीं आ सकूँगा/सकूँगी। क्या हम किसी और दिन मिल सकते हैं?
Looking Ahead
अब आप क्या कर सकते हैं — What you can do now
You can talk about future plans using controlled future-tense forms of जाना and आना, state intention with चाहना, describe already-arranged plans with वाला है/हैं, and invite, accept, decline, and reschedule appointments politely.