समीक्षा 3: हल और समाधान
Chapter Objectives
This review chapter does not introduce new grammar. By the end of this chapter, you will be able to:
- Explain a practical problem and ask for or give advice, using experiencer patterns such as मुझे समस्या है and advice frames such as आपको चाहिए.
- Make a polite institutional request involving permission, ability, or a deadline.
- Report what someone said using कि, with correct pronoun and reference shift.
- Express an opinion, support it with reasons using क्योंकि and इसलिए, and compare two options using से ज़्यादा, से कम, and सबसे.
- Agree or politely disagree with an opinion and offer a supported recommendation.
- Combine all of the above into one connected scenario, moving from a problem to a solution.
- Read, listen to, speak about, and write a connected text that integrates Chapters 11 through 14.
Communication Scenario
Arjun, Priya, Rohan, and Neha's group project has hit a new problem: the group room they booked at the library (their Chapter 14 decision) is double-booked for Thursday because of a mix-up with the reservation system. Priya calls the library help desk to explain the problem and ask what to do. The desk staff member reports what the scheduling office said. The group then has to compare two backup options — meeting online or moving to Rohan's apartment — weigh the advantages and disadvantages, and agree on a final plan.
- Notice how the problem is explained using experiencer and obligation patterns from Chapter 11.
- Notice how the request to the help desk uses the polite institutional patterns from Chapter 12.
- Notice how the desk staff member reports information from the scheduling office using कि, as in Chapter 13.
- Notice how the group compares options, gives reasons, and reaches a recommendation, as in Chapter 14.
Where This Chapter Fits
Chapter 15 closes Unit III, समस्या, सेवा, और विचार. It introduces no new grammar system. Instead, it consolidates four chapters of connected B1 communication into a single integrated performance.
Coming Into This Chapter
Learners bring together problem-solving and advice (Chapter 11), institutional permission and formal requests (Chapter 12), reported information with कि (Chapter 13), and opinion, comparison, and recommendation (Chapter 14).
New in This Chapter
No new grammar system is introduced. The chapter's demand is integration: moving fluidly between explaining a problem, making a request, reporting information, and reasoning toward a recommendation within one connected exchange.
Looking Forward
Unit IV, जुड़ा हुआ संवाद, begins in Chapter 16 with conditional planning using अगर...तो, building on the reasoning and recommendation skills practiced here.
Review Vocabulary
This section recycles core vocabulary from Chapters 11-14 rather than introducing new productive items. Use it to check your recall before the performance assessment.
15.1 Problems, Advice, and Requests (Chapters 11-12)
| Hindi | Meaning | From |
|---|---|---|
| समस्या | problem | Ch. 11 |
| सलाह | advice | Ch. 11 |
| मुझे ... चाहिए | I need / should have ... | Ch. 11 |
| बुकिंग / आरक्षण | booking / reservation | Ch. 12 |
| क्या मैं...? / क्या आप...? | May I...? / Could you...? | Ch. 12 |
| अनुमति | permission | Ch. 12 |
15.2 Messages and Reported Information (Chapter 13)
| Hindi | Meaning | From |
|---|---|---|
| बताना | to tell, inform | Ch. 13 |
| कहना | to say | Ch. 13 |
| संदेश | message | Ch. 13 |
| गड़बड़ी | mix-up, error | Ch. 13 (extended) |
15.3 Opinions, Comparison, and Recommendation (Chapter 14)
| Hindi | Meaning | From |
|---|---|---|
| मुझे लगता है कि... | I think that... | Ch. 14 |
| से ज़्यादा / से कम / सबसे | more than / less than / the most | Ch. 14 |
| क्योंकि / इसलिए | because / therefore | Ch. 14 |
| मैं सहमत हूँ / मुझे ऐसा नहीं लगता | I agree / I don't think so | Ch. 14 |
| सुझाव देना | to suggest, recommend | Ch. 14 |
New receptive item for this chapter: विकल्प ("option, alternative"), useful for discussing backup plans; treat as recognition-supported vocabulary that recycles the comparison patterns of Chapter 14.
Pronunciation and Orthography Review
Review the falling, softened intonation used with क्या आप...? and आपको चाहिए from Chapters 11-12. A request should not sound like a command; the pitch should stay gentle and slightly rising at the end of a polite question.
Practice reading longer sentences aloud that chain a reason and a result together, such as गड़बड़ी हो गई, इसलिए हमें दूसरी जगह ढूँढनी पड़ेगी. Notice that the inherent vowel of पड़ेगी is dropped after the retroflex flap, giving approximately pa-regi rather than a fully separated final syllable.
Recall from Chapter 13 that कि introduces a short pause before the reported clause. When reported speech and an opinion combine, as in उन्होंने बताया कि कमरा उपलब्ध नहीं है, इसलिए मुझे लगता है कि हमें कोई और जगह देखनी चाहिए, keep each कि-clause phrase-grouped separately rather than running the whole sentence together.
Grammar Review
No new grammar system is introduced in this chapter. The sections below reactivate the four chapters of Unit III as one connected system.
15.4 Explaining a problem and giving advice (Chapter 11)
Review: मुझे ... है experiencer patterns state the problem; चाहिए gives advice. Softeners such as ज़रा and अगर हो सके तो remain available for polite requests.
15.5 Institutional permission and formal requests (Chapter 12)
Review: क्या मैं/आप...? plus सकना requests permission or ability politely. Formal address and honorific agreement remain active throughout institutional exchanges.
15.6 Reporting information with कि (Chapter 13)
Review: बताया कि... and कहा कि... introduce a complete reported clause. Pronoun and reference shift according to the reporting context, as practiced in Chapter 13.
15.7 Opinion, comparison, and recommendation (Chapter 14)
Review: Opinion frames, comparison with से ज़्यादा/से कम/सबसे, reasons with क्योंकि, results with इसलिए, and the recommendation frame मेरा सुझाव है कि... all combine in one connected argument, exactly as required for the performance assessment below.
This review chapter does not introduce conditionals with अगर...तो, relative-correlative structures, or advanced argumentation. Those systems begin in Unit IV. Use only the patterns already activated in Chapters 11-14.
Model Dialogue
Setting: Priya calls the library help desk about the double-booked room, then reports back to the group, who compare backup options.
समझ के प्रश्न — Comprehension questions:
- प्रिया की समस्या क्या थी? (What was Priya's problem?)
- डेस्क कर्मचारी ने प्रिया को क्या बताया? (What did the desk employee tell Priya?)
- रोहन ऑनलाइन मीटिंग से क्यों असहमत है, और समूह ने आख़िर में क्या फ़ैसला किया? (Why does Rohan disagree with an online meeting, and what did the group finally decide?)
Listening Practice
Ask your instructor, a study partner, or a fluent Hindi speaker to read the passage below aloud twice. On the first listen, note the general topic. On the second listen, complete the table.
If no speaker is available, this is a Listening Script for Independent Use. Read the passage slowly at first, then at a natural pace. Any spoken model should be verified by a fluent Hindi speaker before being treated as a pronunciation standard.
एक वॉइस मैसेज — A Voice Message:
"नेहा, मैंने अभी लाइब्रेरी वाली दीदी से बात की। उन्होंने बताया कि गुरुवार के लिए कोई कमरा नहीं मिलेगा, क्योंकि सिस्टम में गड़बड़ी हो गई थी। मुझे लगता है कि हमें रोहन के घर मिलना चाहिए — वहाँ ऑनलाइन मीटिंग से ज़्यादा आराम से काम हो सकेगा। क्या तुम सबको संदेश भेज सकती हो? अगर किसी को कोई परेशानी हो, तो मुझे बताना।"
सुनने का काम — Listening task:
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| लाइब्रेरी वाली दीदी ने क्या बताया, और क्यों? (What did the person at the library say, and why?) | ______ |
| वक्ता की राय में सबसे अच्छा विकल्प क्या है? (In the speaker's opinion, what is the best option?) | ______ |
| वक्ता किससे क्या करने के लिए कहती है? (What does the speaker ask the listener to do?) | ______ |
Reading Practice
Read the short message thread below, then answer the questions.
अर्जुन: ओह नहीं। अब क्या करें?
प्रिया: मुझे लगता है कि रोहन के घर मिलना सबसे अच्छा विकल्प है। यह ऑनलाइन मीटिंग से ज़्यादा सुविधाजनक होगा।
नेहा: मुझे ऐसा नहीं लगता। मुझे लगता है कि ऑनलाइन मिलना आसान है, क्योंकि सबको यात्रा नहीं करनी पड़ेगी।
रोहन: हो सकता है, लेकिन हमें साथ बैठकर काम करना है। इसलिए मेरा सुझाव है कि हम मेरे घर मिलें।
प्रिया: ठीक है, तो गुरुवार शाम को रोहन के घर।
समझ के प्रश्न — Comprehension questions:
- What information does Priya report from the library, and how does she introduce it?
- What two opinions do Priya and Neha disagree about, and what reason does each give?
- How is the disagreement between Neha and Rohan expressed and resolved?
Writing Workshop
Write a connected text titled समस्या से समाधान तक ("From Problem to Solution") that moves through all four systems from this unit.
लेखन कार्य — Writing task: Write a connected text of 220-320 words in standard Devanagari, in complete sentences. Your text must include: (1) a clearly explained practical problem, using an experiencer or obligation pattern from Chapter 11; (2) a polite institutional request or question, as in Chapter 12; (3) at least one piece of reported information introduced with कि, as in Chapter 13; (4) an opinion, at least one comparison, and two reasons, as in Chapter 14; and (5) a final recommendation.
- Describe the problem. Use a familiar experiencer or obligation pattern to explain what went wrong.
- Make a request. Ask politely for help, information, or permission.
- Report the response. Use कि to report what you were told.
- Compare your options. Give at least one comparison and two reasons.
- Close with a recommendation. State clearly what you or the group decided to do.
संपादन सूची — Editing checklist:
- The problem is stated clearly using an accurate experiencer or obligation pattern.
- The request is polite and grammatically complete.
- The reported clause with कि is a complete, well-formed sentence.
- At least one comparison and two reasons support the opinion.
- The recommendation is stated directly at the end.
- Spelling, matras, word spacing, and dandas are correct throughout.
Speaking Practice
नियंत्रित अभ्यास — Controlled practice: reporting a problem
With a partner, take turns explaining a problem, asking a polite question about it, and reporting the other person's response using कि.
संचार कार्य — Communicative task: समस्या से समाधान तक
In a small group, role-play the full scenario: one person explains a problem to an institutional contact (played by another group member), reports the answer back to the group, and the group compares at least two options, gives reasons, and agrees on a recommendation.
अकेले अभ्यास — Solo alternative
Record yourself narrating the full scenario alone: state a problem, describe the request you made, report what you were told, compare two options with reasons, and give a final recommendation.
Culture and Communication
In many everyday Hindi-speaking contexts, a service problem is handled through a chain of polite steps: explaining the issue calmly, asking a clear question, waiting for a response, and then reporting that response accurately to others. Skipping directly to blame or complaint is generally avoided in routine institutional interactions.
As in Chapter 14, disagreement within a group is typically softened rather than stated bluntly, and a final decision is usually reached by weighing everyone's stated reasons rather than by one person overriding the others. This pattern recurs throughout Unit III's service and opinion interactions.
Common Mistakes
Error: मैं समस्या है when the intended meaning is "I have a problem."
Correction: मुझे समस्या है। As in Chapter 11, the experiencer takes को, not a plain subject form.
Error: उन्होंने बताया कमरा उपलब्ध नहीं है without कि.
Correction: उन्होंने बताया कि कमरा उपलब्ध नहीं है। As in Chapter 13, कि is required to introduce the reported clause in standard written Hindi.
Error: मेरा सुझाव है कि हम रोहन के घर मिलें। with no क्योंकि or comparison anywhere in the text.
Correction: Add at least one reason and one comparison, as in मेरा सुझाव है कि हम रोहन के घर मिलें, क्योंकि वहाँ काम करना ऑनलाइन मीटिंग से ज़्यादा आसान होगा। A bare recommendation without support does not meet the Chapter 14/15 standard.
Chapter Review
भाग A — समझ (Comprehension)
1. Return to the Model Dialogue and Reading passage and answer in English:
- What problem does the group face, and how is it first reported?
- What two options does the group compare, and what reason does each speaker give?
भाग B — व्याकरण (Grammar)
1. Complete each sentence with an appropriate experiencer pattern, reported clause, or connector:
- ______ एक समस्या है — मेरा फ़ोन काम नहीं कर रहा।
- उन्होंने बताया ______ ऑफ़िस कल बंद रहेगा।
- यह विकल्प उस विकल्प ______ ज़्यादा अच्छा है, ______ यह सस्ता भी है और आसान भी।
2. Write one polite institutional request and one sentence reporting a response to it using कि.
भाग C — पठन (Reading)
1. Return to the message thread above and identify which line contains the final agreed decision.
भाग D — लेखन (Writing)
1. Write your 220-320 word text समस्या से समाधान तक, following all five required elements from the Writing Workshop above.
भाग E — वाचन (Speaking)
1. Role-play or record the full problem-to-solution scenario described in the Speaking Practice section above.
Cumulative Review
This chapter integrates Chapter 11's problem-and-advice language, Chapter 12's institutional requests and permission, Chapter 13's reported information with कि, and Chapter 14's opinions, comparisons, and recommendations into one connected B1 performance.
Unit III Performance Assessment
समस्या से समाधान तक — From Problem to Solution
Complete the following connected tasks in order. This is the Unit III cumulative assessment referenced in the volume scope.
- Listen to the voice message above and complete the listening table.
- Speak in a role-play or recorded narration, as described in the Speaking Practice section.
- Read the message thread above and answer the comprehension questions.
- Write your own 220-320 word text titled समस्या से समाधान तक, following the Writing Workshop checklist.
- Edit your written text for experiencer patterns, polite requests, कि-clauses, comparison, reasons, and Devanagari accuracy.
| Criterion | What is assessed |
|---|---|
| Problem and advice (Ch. 11) | Clear, accurate experiencer or obligation pattern stating the problem. |
| Institutional request (Ch. 12) | Polite, grammatically complete request or question. |
| Reported information (Ch. 13) | Accurate use of कि with correct pronoun and reference shift. |
| Opinion, comparison, and reasons (Ch. 14) | Clear opinion, at least one comparison, and two supporting reasons. |
| Recommendation | A direct, well-supported final recommendation. |
| Devanagari and pronunciation | Correct spelling and punctuation; intelligible listening comprehension of natural connected speech. |
This assessment evaluates practical B1 problem-solving ability across service, institutional, and interpersonal contexts. It does not require advanced argumentation, legal or bureaucratic vocabulary, or a full subjunctive system, which remain outside Volume II.
Answer Key
Model Dialogue — Comprehension
- Priya's problem was that the group room booked for Thursday had been given to another group as well, because of a system mix-up.
- The desk employee told Priya that no room was available for Thursday.
- Rohan disagrees with an online meeting because the group needs to sit together to make slides; the group finally decided to meet at Rohan's home on Thursday.
Listening
- The person at the library said no room would be available for Thursday, because of a system mix-up.
- The speaker's opinion is that the group should meet at Rohan's home, since it will be more comfortable to work there than in an online meeting.
- The speaker asks the listener to send everyone a message and to say if anyone has a problem with the plan.
Reading — Comprehension
- Priya reports that the library said there was a system mix-up, introducing it with बताया कि.
- Priya thinks meeting at Rohan's is more convenient than online; Neha thinks online is easier because no one has to travel; each gives a reason with क्योंकि.
- Neha and Rohan disagree, but Rohan softens his response with हो सकता है, लेकिन... and gives a reason; the group resolves it by agreeing to meet at Rohan's place.
Chapter Review — भाग B
- (a) मुझे एक समस्या है। (b) उन्होंने बताया कि ऑफ़िस कल बंद रहेगा। (c) यह विकल्प उस विकल्प से ज़्यादा अच्छा है, क्योंकि यह सस्ता भी है और आसान भी।
- Sample request: क्या मैं कल आपसे मिल सकता हूँ? Sample report: उन्होंने बताया कि मैं शाम को आ सकता हूँ।
Looking Ahead
अब आप क्या कर सकते हैं — What you can do now
You can explain a practical problem, make a polite institutional request, report information using कि, express and support an opinion with comparison and reasons, and reach a supported recommendation — combining all of Unit III into one connected performance.