जो लोग, जो बातें
Chapter Objectives
By the end of this chapter, you will be able to:
- Use controlled जो...वह sentences to identify and describe people and things.
- Recognize and make limited use of जहाँ...वहाँ for describing places.
- Recognize जिस...उस in a small number of formulaic, oblique-context examples.
- Track reference across connected sentences using यह/वह/ये/वे, इस/उस, and उन together with relative structures.
- Combine relative description with comparison and recommendation from Chapter 14.
- Read a short profile or recommendation text that uses relative-correlative description.
- Write a connected descriptive-recommendation paragraph in standard Devanagari.
Communication Scenario
The group's project went well after their contingency planning in Chapter 16. Now Priya is helping a new student, Kabir, settle into the neighborhood. He needs to know which shop, which doctor, which tutor, and which café to choose among several options — and he wants to know why. Priya describes people and places by pointing out which one has which quality, rather than just listing names.
- Notice how जो introduces a description and वह points back to the person or thing being identified.
- Notice how जहाँ...वहाँ works the same way for places.
- Notice how Priya keeps track of who or what she is talking about across several sentences without repeating names.
- Notice how relative description supports comparison and recommendation, recycling skills from Chapter 14.
Where This Chapter Fits
Chapter 17 continues Unit IV, जुड़ा हुआ संवाद, building directly on the clause-linking practiced in Chapter 16.
Coming Into This Chapter
Learners bring forward अगर...तो conditionals, comparison with से ज़्यादा/से कम/सबसे, and recommendation language from Chapter 14, along with demonstrative pronouns यह/वह/ये/वे reactivated throughout the volume.
New in This Chapter
जो...वह becomes productive for people and things for the first time. जहाँ...वहाँ is introduced receptively with limited formulaic use, and जिस...उस appears only as a small set of recognition-only examples.
Looking Forward
Chapter 18, समाज, समाचार, और सार्वजनिक जीवन, uses reference tracking and general statements to support reading and discussing short public texts.
Core Vocabulary
These items support description, classification, and recommendation. Vocabulary from Chapters 14-16 continues to recycle throughout this chapter.
17.1 People, Roles, and Qualities
| Hindi | Meaning |
|---|---|
| डॉक्टर | doctor |
| ट्यूटर | tutor |
| दुकानदार | shopkeeper |
| भरोसेमंद | reliable, trustworthy |
| अनुभवी | experienced |
| सस्ता | cheap, inexpensive |
| महंगा | expensive |
| नज़दीक | nearby |
17.2 Places, Objects, and Selection
| Hindi | Meaning |
|---|---|
| दुकान | shop |
| क्लीनिक | clinic |
| कैफ़े | café |
| विकल्प | option |
| चुनना | to choose |
| सुझाव देना | to suggest, recommend |
| भीड़ | crowd |
| माहौल | atmosphere |
Receptive support: जिसका and जिससे appear only in a small number of glossed formulaic examples in this chapter; learners are not required to produce them.
Pronunciation and Orthography Focus
A जो...वह sentence groups into two parts, just like the अगर...तो sentences from Chapter 16. Group the जो-clause together, pause briefly, and then group the वह-clause together: जो दुकान नज़दीक है, || वह सस्ती भी है. Avoid pausing in the middle of either clause.
Notice the pronunciation of जिसका (approximately jis-kaa, not ji-sa-kaa) and भरोसेमंद (approximately bha-ro-se-mand). Review the general schwa-deletion pattern from earlier chapters and apply it to these longer reference and quality words.
English speakers sometimes try to build one long relative clause the way English does. In Hindi at this level, keep जो-clauses short and let वह clearly point back to what was described. Compare the natural rhythm of जो डॉक्टर पास में हैं, वह बहुत अच्छे हैं with an unnecessarily long, run-on version.
Grammar and Sentence Patterns
17.3 जो...वह — Identifying People and Things
Form: जो introduces a clause that describes or identifies a person or thing; वह (or वे for plural or respectful reference) begins the main clause and points back to what जो described. The noun being identified may appear once, in the जो-clause, and is not usually repeated in the वह-clause.
Meaning: The structure narrows a general category ("a shop," "a doctor," "a person") down to one specific example by describing a quality, location, or action associated with it, and then says something further about that specific example.
Use: जो...वह is common in recommendations, comparisons, directions, and everyday description. Learners should keep the जो-clause short and controlled at this level rather than stacking multiple descriptions into one sentence.
| Identifying clause (जो...) | Main clause (वह...) |
|---|---|
| जो डॉक्टर पास में हैं | वह बहुत अच्छे हैं |
| जो ट्यूटर हिंदी पढ़ाती हैं | वह बहुत अनुभवी हैं |
| जो लड़का कल आया था | वह मेरा नया दोस्त है |
| जो कैफ़े कोने पर है | वह हमेशा भरा रहता है |
17.4 जहाँ...वहाँ — Identifying Places (Receptive, Limited Use)
जहाँ...वहाँ works like जो...वह but identifies a place rather than a person or thing: it connects "the place where X" to "there, Y." At this stage, learners should recognize जहाँ...वहाँ in listening and reading and may reuse a small number of formulaic examples such as जहाँ मैं रहता हूँ, वहाँ..., but full productive control of new content is not required until later chapters.
17.5 जिस...उस — Oblique Relative Reference (Recognition Only)
जिस...उस is the oblique form of जो...वह, used before postpositions, as in जिस दुकान के बारे में तुमने बताया, उस दुकान में मैं गया ("I went to the shop you told me about"). At this stage, learners should recognize this pattern in a small number of glossed examples. Full productive use, including choosing the correct oblique form, is developed in later volumes.
17.6 Reference Tracking Across Sentences
Once जो...वह identifies a person, place, or thing, later sentences can refer back to it with वह/वे, इसका/उसका, or वहाँ instead of repeating the full noun:
- जो डॉक्टर पास में हैं, वह बहुत अच्छे हैं। उनका क्लीनिक सोमवार से शनिवार तक खुलता है।
- जो कैफ़े कोने पर है, वह हमेशा भरा रहता है। वहाँ की कॉफ़ी बहुत अच्छी है।
Learners should practice continuing a description across two or three sentences using pronoun and demonstrative reference rather than repeating the identified noun each time.
17.7 Combining Relative Description with Comparison and Recommendation
Relative description now supports the comparison and recommendation patterns from Chapter 14:
- जो ट्यूटर हिंदी पढ़ाती हैं, वह दूसरी ट्यूटर से ज़्यादा अनुभवी हैं, इसलिए मैं उन्हीं का सुझाव देती हूँ।
Learners are not expected to combine every system in one sentence, but should be comfortable identifying a person or thing and then adding one comparison or recommendation.
This chapter does not require full mastery of all relative-correlative forms, embedded clauses, formal written relative syntax, or free oblique production with जिस...उस. Those systems develop further in Volume III.
Model Dialogue
Setting: Priya is showing Kabir, a new student in the neighborhood, around and helping him choose a doctor, a tutor, and a café.
समझ के प्रश्न — Comprehension questions:
- प्रिया किस डॉक्टर का सुझाव देती है, और क्यों? (Which doctor does Priya recommend, and why?)
- प्रिया किस ट्यूटर का सुझाव देती है, और वह ट्यूटर दूसरी ट्यूटर से कैसे अलग है? (Which tutor does Priya recommend, and how is that tutor different from the other tutor?)
- प्रिया कोने वाले कैफ़े की जगह कौन-सी जगह सुझाती है, और क्यों? (What place does Priya suggest instead of the corner café, and why?)
Listening Practice
Ask your instructor, a study partner, or a fluent Hindi speaker to read the passage below aloud twice. On the first listen, note the general topic. On the second listen, complete the table.
If no speaker is available, this is a Listening Script for Independent Use. Read the passage slowly at first, then at a natural pace. Any spoken model should be verified by a fluent Hindi speaker before being treated as a pronunciation standard.
एक सुझाव — A Recommendation:
"अगर तुम्हें किताबें ख़रीदनी हों, तो जो दुकान बाज़ार के अंदर है, वह सबसे सस्ती है — लेकिन वहाँ हमेशा भीड़ रहती है। जो दुकान स्टेशन के पास है, वह थोड़ी महंगी है, पर वहाँ काम जल्दी हो जाता है। जिस दुकानदार से मैंने पहले बात की थी, उसने कहा कि नई किताबें अगले हफ़्ते आएँगी।"
सुनने का काम — Listening task:
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| बाज़ार के अंदर वाली दुकान कैसी है? (What is the shop inside the market like?) | ______ |
| स्टेशन के पास वाली दुकान कैसी है? (What is the shop near the station like?) | ______ |
| दुकानदार ने नई किताबों के बारे में क्या कहा? (What did the shopkeeper say about the new books?) | ______ |
Reading Practice
Read the short neighborhood guide below, then answer the questions.
जो डॉक्टर मुख्य सड़क पर हैं, वह बहुत भरोसेमंद हैं और उनकी फ़ीस भी उचित है।
जो ट्यूटर स्कूल के पास रहती हैं, वह बच्चों और बड़ों दोनों को पढ़ाती हैं।
जिस दुकान के बारे में लोग सबसे ज़्यादा बात करते हैं, उस दुकान में सामान सस्ता और अच्छा दोनों मिलता है।
जहाँ शाम को टहलने के लिए जगह चाहिए, वहाँ पार्क सबसे अच्छा विकल्प है — वहाँ शाम को भीड़ कम होती है।
समझ के प्रश्न — Comprehension questions:
- Which four recommendations are given in the guide, and what reason supports each one?
- Which sentence uses जिस...उस, and what does it identify?
- Which sentence uses जहाँ...वहाँ, and what place does it identify?
Writing Workshop
Write a short recommendation paragraph titled मेरे पड़ोस के सुझाव ("My Neighborhood Recommendations") for someone new to your area — real or imagined.
लेखन कार्य — Writing task: Write a connected text of 150-220 words in standard Devanagari, in complete sentences. Your text must include: (1) a brief introduction to the neighborhood or area; (2) at least two जो...वह sentences identifying a person, place, or thing you recommend; (3) at least one comparison or reason connecting to your recommendation; and (4) a closing sentence stating why the recommendations will help.
- Introduce the setting. Briefly describe the neighborhood or area.
- Identify your first recommendation. Use जो...वह to describe a person or thing and say something about it.
- Identify your second recommendation. Use a different noun (a different person, place, or thing) with जो...वह.
- Add a comparison or reason. Use से ज़्यादा, से कम, क्योंकि, or इसलिए to support one recommendation.
- Close with a summary. Say why these recommendations will be useful.
संपादन सूची — Editing checklist:
- Each जो-clause is followed by a clear वह-clause.
- The identified noun is not repeated unnecessarily in the वह-clause.
- Pronoun and demonstrative reference is used correctly across sentences.
- Verb forms agree correctly in gender and number where relevant.
- Spelling, matras, word spacing, and dandas are correct throughout.
Speaking Practice
नियंत्रित अभ्यास — Controlled practice: completing descriptions
With a partner, take turns giving a जो-clause and having the other person supply a logical वह-clause, then switch roles.
संचार कार्य — Communicative task: पड़ोस के सुझाव
In a small group, take turns recommending a person, place, or thing in your real or imagined neighborhood, using जो...वह and at least one comparison or reason.
अकेले अभ्यास — Solo alternative
Record yourself giving three recommendations for a new person in your area, using जो...वह for each one.
Culture and Communication
In many everyday Hindi-speaking contexts, recommendations for a doctor, tutor, shop, or service often come through personal relationships and word of mouth rather than formal reviews alone. Describing someone as भरोसेमंद ("trustworthy") carries real social weight in this kind of recommendation.
When identifying and describing people with जो...वह, learners should avoid intrusive personal judgments and focus on relevant, respectful qualities, as Priya does when describing the doctor and tutor by their reliability and experience rather than by unrelated personal details.
Common Mistakes
Error: जो डॉक्टर पास में हैं, वह डॉक्टर बहुत अच्छे हैं, repeating डॉक्टर unnecessarily.
Correction: जो डॉक्टर पास में हैं, वह बहुत अच्छे हैं। Once जो identifies the noun, वह alone can refer back to it.
Error: Trying to fit an entire English relative clause with several ideas into one long जो-clause, producing an unclear sentence.
Correction: Keep the जो-clause short and add extra information in a separate sentence, as in जो डॉक्टर पास में हैं, वह बहुत अच्छे हैं। उनका क्लीनिक सोमवार से शनिवार तक खुलता है।
Error: Attempting to freely construct new जिस...उस sentences with untaught postpositions or nouns.
Correction: At this level, reuse only the formulaic जिस...उस examples modeled in this chapter. Free oblique relative production is developed in Volume III.
Chapter Review
भाग A — समझ (Comprehension)
1. Return to the Model Dialogue and Reading passage and answer in English:
- List Priya's three recommendations, and the reason given for each.
- Explain what जहाँ भीड़ कम है, वहाँ माहौल भी अच्छा है means and which place it describes.
भाग B — व्याकरण (Grammar)
1. Complete each sentence with an appropriate वह-clause:
- जो कैफ़े स्टेशन के पास है, ______।
- जो लड़की कल हमारे घर आई थी, ______।
- जो किताब मेज़ पर रखी है, ______।
2. Write two original जो...वह sentences describing people or places you know, and add one comparison or reason to at least one of them.
भाग C — पठन (Reading)
1. Return to the neighborhood guide above and identify which sentence uses जिस...उस and which uses जहाँ...वहाँ.
भाग D — लेखन (Writing)
1. Write your 150-220 word text मेरे पड़ोस के सुझाव, following all four required elements from the Writing Workshop above.
भाग E — वाचन (Speaking)
1. Role-play or record the recommendation task described in the Speaking Practice section above.
Cumulative Review
This chapter recycles comparison and recommendation from Chapter 14, conditionals from Chapter 16, and demonstrative reference from throughout the volume, while introducing controlled जो...वह relative-correlative description for the first time.
Practical Performance Task
मेरे पड़ोस के सुझाव — My Neighborhood Recommendations
Complete the following connected tasks in order.
- Listen to the recommendation passage above and complete the listening table.
- Speak in a role-play or recorded recommendation task, as described in the Speaking Practice section.
- Read the neighborhood guide above and answer the comprehension questions.
- Write your own 150-220 word text titled मेरे पड़ोस के सुझाव, following the Writing Workshop checklist.
- Edit your written text for जो...वह accuracy, reference tracking, comparison/reason use, and Devanagari accuracy.
| Criterion | What is assessed |
|---|---|
| Relative description | At least two accurate जो...वह sentences identifying a person, place, or thing. |
| Reference tracking | Correct, non-repetitive use of pronoun and demonstrative reference after each identification. |
| Comparison or reason | At least one comparison or reason connected to a recommendation. |
| Organization | A clear introduction and closing summary statement. |
| Devanagari and pronunciation | Correct spelling and punctuation; intelligible clause-boundary rhythm in speaking. |
This task evaluates controlled, practical use of relative-correlative description for everyday recommendation. It does not require full mastery of all relative-correlative forms or free oblique production with जिस...उस, which remain outside Volume II.
Answer Key
Model Dialogue — Comprehension
- Priya recommends the doctor who is nearby, because their clinic keeps regular hours and always sees patients on time.
- Priya recommends the tutor who teaches Hindi, because she is more experienced than the other tutor.
- Instead of the corner café, which is always full, Priya suggests the small café near the station, because it has less crowding and a better atmosphere for studying.
Listening
- The shop inside the market is the cheapest, but it is always crowded.
- The shop near the station is a bit more expensive, but service is quick there.
- The shopkeeper said new books will arrive next week.
Reading — Comprehension
- (1) The doctor on the main road → reliable and reasonably priced; (2) the tutor near the school → teaches children and adults; (3) the shop people talk about most → cheap and good goods; (4) the park → best place for an evening walk, with less crowding.
- The sentence about the shop uses जिस...उस: जिस दुकान के बारे में लोग सबसे ज़्यादा बात करते हैं, उस दुकान में...
- The sentence about the park uses जहाँ...वहाँ: जहाँ शाम को टहलने के लिए जगह चाहिए, वहाँ पार्क सबसे अच्छा विकल्प है।
Chapter Review — भाग B
- Sample answers: (a) वह हमेशा भरा रहता है। (b) वह मेरी नई दोस्त है। (c) वह मेरी है।
- Sample sentences: जो आदमी वहाँ खड़ा है, वह मेरे पापा के दोस्त हैं। जो रेस्तराँ बाज़ार में है, वह दूसरे रेस्तराँ से सस्ता है।
Looking Ahead
अब आप क्या कर सकते हैं — What you can do now
You can identify and describe people and things with जो...वह, recognize जहाँ...वहाँ for places, recognize a small set of formulaic जिस...उस examples, track reference across connected sentences, and combine description with comparison and recommendation.