가족이 있어요Family and Possession/Existence
Chapter Objectives
By the end of this chapter, you will be able to:
- State that people, animals, and things exist or are present using 있어요.
- State that people, animals, and things do not exist or are absent using 없어요.
- Say that you have or do not have family members using the possession construction 저는 [family member]이/가 있어요/없어요.
- Use the subject particle 이/가 as the standard particle before 있어요 and 없어요.
- Link two nouns together using the connector 하고 to mean "and."
- Name core family members in Korean using the standard vocabulary for everyday polite conversation.
- Recognize and produce Hangeul syllable blocks containing batchim, including common final consonants that appear in family vocabulary.
- Ask and answer simple questions about family using 있어요? and 없어요?.
Communication Scenario
The class is now in its third session. The instructor, Kim Jisu, has asked everyone to bring a photo of one or two people they care about — a family member, a close friend, or a pet. Around the room, students share their photos with a partner. Layla shows a photo of her older sister and her dog. Tom pulls up a picture of his parents on his phone. Nurul describes her large family from memory.
- In Chapter 1 you introduced yourself by name. In Chapter 2 you described who people are and what role they hold. This chapter asks a different kind of question: not "Who is that person?" but "Do you have family? Who is there in your life?" Answering this question requires a new Korean predicate — the existential — and a new particle choice. These tools let you say what exists or what someone possesses, which is an essential everyday function.
- By the end of this session you will be able to say "I have an older sister and a younger brother," "There is no cat — there is a dog," and "Do you have family in Korea?" You will also read and write Hangeul words with batchim more confidently, since family vocabulary in Korean is full of syllable blocks with final consonants.
Core Vocabulary
가족 — Family members
가족 관계 — Family relationships at a glance
Korean sibling terms encode both the speaker's gender and the relative age of the sibling. A female speaker calls her older sister 언니 and her older brother 오빠; a male speaker uses 누나 for an older sister and 형 for an older brother. Younger siblings of either gender are called 동생, or specifically 남동생 (younger brother) or 여동생 (younger sister). These terms reflect the speaker's position in the family, not just the sibling's role.
동물과 그 외 — Pets and other household members
| Korean | Romanization | English meaning | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| 강아지 | gangaji | puppy / dog (affectionate) | Very common; used loosely for any pet dog |
| 개 | gae | dog | More neutral, general; ends in vowel → particle: 가 |
| 고양이 | goyangi | cat | Ends in vowel → particle: 가 |
| 남편 | nampyeon | husband | Ends in consonant ㄴ → particle: 이 |
| 아내 | anae | wife | Ends in vowel ㅔ → particle: 가 |
핵심 표현 — Key expressions
| Korean | Romanization | English meaning | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| 있어요 | isseoyo | there is / there are / (someone) has | Existential predicate; also used for possession |
| 없어요 | eopseoyo | there is not / (someone) doesn't have | Negative counterpart of 있어요 |
| 하고 | hago | and (connecting nouns) | Attaches directly to a noun with no space; e.g., 언니하고 남동생 (older sister and younger brother) |
| 몇 명이에요? | myeot myeong-ieyo? | How many people are there? | 몇 = how many; 명 = counter for people |
| 몇 명 | myeot myeong | how many people | Question word phrase; Sino-Korean number + 명 |
Hangeul — Batchim in Depth
Chapters 1 and 2 introduced batchim as a concept. This chapter develops it systematically, because every major word in today's vocabulary — family terms, key predicates, and the chapter's core constructions — contains final consonants. Being able to read and write batchim accurately is not a bonus skill; it is a basic requirement for Korean literacy.
받침이란? — What is batchim?
Every Korean syllable block contains at least an initial consonant and a vowel. Some blocks also contain a final consonant — called batchim (받침), literally "support" or "base." The batchim sits below the initial consonant and vowel in the block. Without batchim, the block is open (CV). With batchim, the block is closed (CVC).
이 과의 받침 — Batchim in this chapter's vocabulary
The following batchim appear in core chapter vocabulary. For each one, the key concept is the final sound — how the consonant is pronounced in its final position — and what happens when a particle starting with a vowel follows (liaison).
When a syllable block ending in batchim is followed by a syllable beginning with the silent ㅇ (used as a placeholder in vowel-initial syllables), the batchim consonant "moves" to that next syllable. This is called liaison or resyllabification. The spelling does not change; only the pronunciation shifts.
- 있어요 is spelled 있 + 어요 but pronounced i-sseo-yo (three syllables: 이 + 써 + 요) — the ㅆ shifts forward.
- 형이 (subject form of 형) is spelled 형 + 이 but pronounced hyeong-i (two syllables) — the ㅇ batchim /ŋ/ stays in place and the particle 이 follows cleanly.
- 딸이 (subject form of 딸) is pronounced tta-ri — the ㄹ batchim moves into the vowel-initial particle syllable.
Liaison applies to particles, endings, and any following vowel-initial syllable. Reading Korean accurately depends on recognizing when a consonant belongs to the preceding syllable in spelling but sounds as if it begins the following one.
The word 없 contains a double batchim: the two letters ㅄ sit together in the final position. When a double batchim appears before a following consonant or at the end of a phrase, only one of the two is pronounced. For ㅄ, the ㅂ is pronounced. Before a vowel-initial syllable (such as the 어 of 없어요), the second consonant of the pair — ㅅ — moves forward and becomes the initial consonant of the next syllable. The result: 없어요 is pronounced eop-sseo-yo. This pattern appears in a small number of very common Korean words. For now, focus on 없어요 as a whole. The double-batchim system will be reviewed in later chapters with additional vocabulary.
읽기 연습 — Batchim reading practice
Read the following words aloud. Before you begin each word, identify the batchim in every syllable block. Check your pronunciation of any liaison that applies.
가족 형 언니 남동생 딸 아들 있어요 없어요 남편 부모님
Pronunciation
받침의 일곱 가지 소리 — The seven final sounds
Korean has many batchim spelling possibilities, but only seven distinct final sounds. No matter which consonant letter appears in the batchim position, it will be pronounced as one of these seven:
| Final sound | Common spellings that produce it | Example word | Pronunciation |
|---|---|---|---|
| /k/ | ㄱ, ㄲ, ㅋ | 가족 | ga-jok (final ㄱ unreleased) |
| /n/ | ㄴ | 남편 | nam-pyeon (final ㄴ = nasal /n/) |
| /t/ | ㄷ, ㅅ, ㅆ, ㅈ, ㅊ, ㅌ, ㅎ | 있 | it (before consonant; before vowel: liaison) |
| /l/ | ㄹ | 딸 | ttal (final ㄹ = lateral /l/) |
| /m/ | ㅁ | 남 | nam (final ㅁ = nasal /m/) |
| /p/ | ㅂ, ㅍ, ㅄ (before consonant) | 없다 | eop-da (final ㅄ → /p/ before consonant) |
| /ŋ/ | ㅇ | 형 | hyeong (final ㅇ = /ŋ/ as in "sing") |
When the final sounds /k/, /t/, and /p/ appear at the end of a phrase or before a consonant-initial syllable, they are not released — the mouth closes into position but the air is not expelled. This is very different from English, where final stops are usually either released with a puff of air or followed by a vowel. The Korean unreleased stop may feel like the sound simply stops, or like a brief silence where the mouth is closed. English speakers sometimes add a vowel sound after these finals, producing something like "gajok-uh" instead of "gajok." Training yourself to stop cleanly at the final consonant is one of the most important pronunciation habits for Korean learners.
강세 없는 한국어 — Korean without word stress
English uses stress to distinguish syllables within a word. Korean does not organize words by stress in the same way. Each syllable receives roughly equal weight, which gives Korean its characteristic even, rhythmic quality. When reading family vocabulary aloud, resist the impulse to stress one syllable over others. Practice 어머니 as three even syllables (eo-meo-ni), 아버지 as three even syllables (a-beo-ji), and 남동생 as four even syllables (nam-dong-saeng).
Grammar Instruction
3.1 있어요 and 없어요 — Existence and possession
Purpose: state that someone or something exists, is present, or is possessed — and deny it.
Korean has a dedicated pair of predicates for existence and possession. 있어요 says that something exists or that someone has something. 없어요 is its negative: something does not exist or is not possessed.
These predicates are not the same as the copula 이에요/예요 from Chapters 1 and 2. The copula identifies or classifies (X is Y). 있어요 and 없어요 describe existence or possession (X exists / I have X).
- 언니가 있어요. I have an older sister. / There is an older sister. 언니 (vowel-final) + 가 + 있어요
- 남동생이 없어요. I don't have a younger brother. / There is no younger brother. 남동생 (consonant-final ㅇ) + 이 + 없어요
- 강아지가 있어요. There is a dog. / I have a dog. 강아지 (vowel-final ㅣ) + 가 + 있어요
- 고양이가 없어요. There is no cat. / I don't have a cat.
To say what you have or don't have, add a topic-marked phrase before the existence construction. The topic 저는 frames the sentence ("as for me…") and the noun + particle + 있어요/없어요 gives the content.
- 저는 형이 있어요. — As for me, I have an older brother.
- 저는 여동생이 없어요. — As for me, I don't have a younger sister.
- 저는 가족이 있어요. — I have family. / My family exists.
The topic 저는 is often omitted once the context is established. If the conversation makes clear that you are talking about yourself, you can simply say 형이 있어요 or 여동생이 없어요.
3.2 Subject particle 이/가 — Introduction
Purpose: mark the subject or focus of a sentence, especially with 있어요 and 없어요.
You have already seen the topic particle 은/는 from Chapter 2, and the brief appearance of 이/가 before 아니에요. This chapter makes 이/가 a productive system — as the standard particle used with 있어요 and 없어요.
The form of the particle follows the same rule as 이에요/예요 and 은/는: look at the final sound of the preceding noun.
이 — after a consonant
이Used after any noun ending in a consonant (batchim).
남동생이 있어요.
남동생 ends in ㅇ (consonant) → 이
형이 없어요.
형 ends in ㅇ (consonant) → 이
가 — after a vowel
가Used after any noun ending in a vowel (no batchim).
언니가 있어요.
언니 ends in ㅣ (vowel) → 가
아내가 있어요.
아내 ends in ㅔ (vowel) → 가
Both 은/는 and 이/가 appear on nouns in Korean sentences, and English-speaking learners frequently ask which to use. This is one of the most important distinctions in Korean grammar, and it takes time to develop through practice. For now, learn these foundational patterns:
- 은/는 marks the topic — what the sentence is about. It often means "as for X…" and can signal contrast. You used it in Chapters 1 and 2 with identity sentences: 저는 학생이에요.
- 이/가 is the standard particle with 있어요 and 없어요. In this construction, it marks what exists or is possessed.
Do not use 은/는 before 있어요/없어요 in ordinary statements about possession. The pattern is: 저는 (topic) + [noun]이/가 + 있어요/없어요.
3.3 하고 — Connecting nouns
Purpose: link two or more nouns with "and."
하고 connects nouns. It attaches directly to the first noun (with no space), and the second noun follows. 하고 does not change based on the final sound of the preceding noun.
- 언니하고 남동생이 있어요. I have an older sister and a younger brother. 언니 + 하고 + 남동생 + 이 + 있어요
- 강아지하고 고양이가 있어요. There is a dog and a cat. / I have a dog and a cat. 강아지 + 하고 + 고양이 + 가 + 있어요
- 아버지하고 어머니가 있어요. I have a father and a mother. / My father and mother are here.
- 형하고 누나가 없어요. I don't have an older brother or an older sister. 형 + 하고 + 누나 + 가 + 없어요
When 하고 connects two nouns before 있어요/없어요, the particle 이/가 attaches to the last noun in the list. The first noun takes 하고; the particle goes on the final noun.
- 언니하고 남동생이 있어요. — 남동생 takes 이 (consonant-final).
- 아버지하고 어머니가 있어요. — 어머니 takes 가 (vowel-final).
하고 itself can also appear on each noun in a longer list, though this sounds more emphatic and is less common in natural everyday speech. At this level, use 하고 once between two nouns.
3.4 있어요? — Asking about existence and possession
Purpose: ask whether something or someone exists or is possessed.
Korean questions in the polite -아요/어요 style are formed simply by raising the intonation at the end of a statement. The word order does not change. A question mark in writing signals the rising intonation.
- 가족이 있어요? Do you have family? / Is there family? Same structure as the statement — intonation rises at the end
- 형이 있어요? Do you have an older brother?
- 강아지가 있어요? Do you have a dog?
- 네, 있어요. Yes, I do. / Yes, there is.
- 아니요, 없어요. No, I don't. / No, there isn't.
Practice — 이 or 가?
Add the correct form of the subject particle to each noun, then complete the sentence with 있어요 or 없어요 as instructed.
- 언니___ ______ (have)
- 형___ ______ (don't have)
- 고양이___ ______ (have)
- 남편___ ______ (don't have)
- 아들___ ______ (have)
Practice — 하고 sentences
Combine the two nouns with 하고, add the correct particle, and add 있어요 or 없어요.
- 언니 + 남동생 (have)
- 강아지 + 고양이 (don't have)
- 아버지 + 어머니 (have)
- 형 + 누나 (don't have)
Model Dialogue
Setting: The classroom before the lesson begins. Layla and Tom are talking while Nurul looks for her seat. Kim Seongsaengnim has placed family photo cards on each desk as a conversation prompt. Layla has a photo of her sister and her dog on the table.
(레일라 씨가 강아지 사진을 보여줘요. — Layla shows a photo of her dog.)
Tom uses 계세요 when speaking about his parents: 아버지하고 어머니가 계세요. This is the honorific equivalent of 있어요 and is used when the subject of the existence sentence is someone the speaker respects — typically a senior family member, teacher, or other person deserving of honorification. 계세요 is for recognition only at this stage. In your own sentences, use 있어요 as the standard polite form. The honorific system will be developed fully in later chapters.
내용 이해 — Comprehension questions:
- What family members does Layla say she has? What does she say she does not have?
- What pet does Layla have? What pet does Nurul have?
- How many people are in Tom's family? List the members he mentions.
- Why does Tom use 계세요 instead of 있어요 when mentioning his parents?
- Nurul says 부모님하고 오빠하고 남동생이 있어요. She connects three nouns. Which noun takes the particle 이/가 and why?
Listening
Ask your instructor, a language partner, or a text-to-speech tool to read the following four short conversations aloud. Listen twice without reading, then complete the tasks below.
대화 1
A: 가족이 있어요?
B: 네, 있어요. 부모님하고 언니가 있어요.
대화 2
A: 남동생이 있어요?
B: 아니요, 없어요. 여동생이 있어요.
대화 3
A: 강아지가 있어요?
B: 아니요, 강아지가 없어요. 고양이가 있어요.
대화 4
A: 가족이 몇 명이에요?
B: 다섯 명이에요. 아버지하고 어머니하고 형하고 저하고 남동생이에요.
듣기 과제 — Listening task 1: Listen and complete the table.
| 대화 | What A asks about | B's answer (have / don't have) | What B actually has |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 가족 | ______ | ______ |
| 2 | 남동생 | ______ | ______ |
| 3 | 강아지 | ______ | ______ |
| 4 | 가족 수 | ______ | ______ |
듣기 과제 — Listening task 2: Listen to 대화 4 again. Write all five family members Speaker B names, in the order they are mentioned.
받아쓰기 — Dictation: Your partner or instructor reads each sentence once at natural speed. Write what you hear in Hangeul.
- (B's response from 대화 1)
- (B's full response from 대화 3)
- (A's question from 대화 4)
Reading
The language center's bulletin board has three family introductions written by students. Read each one and answer the questions below.
가족 소개 1 — 알리 (Ali)
안녕하세요? 저는 알리예요. 이집트 사람이에요.
저는 가족이 많아요.
아버지하고 어머니가 있어요. 그리고 누나가 있어요.
남동생도 있어요. 모두 네 명이에요.
강아지가 있어요. 이름이 마야예요.
가족 소개 2 — 다윗 (Dawit)
저는 다윗이에요. 에티오피아 사람이에요.
저는 부모님이 없어요. 할머니하고 삼촌이 있어요.
고양이가 두 마리 있어요.
가족 소개 3 — 수지 (Suji)
안녕하세요, 저는 수지예요. 한국 사람이에요.
언니가 있어요. 언니는 결혼했어요. 남편하고 딸이 있어요.
저는 남동생하고 여동생이 있어요.
고양이가 없어요. 강아지가 있어요!
New vocabulary in these passages: 많아요 (there are many / I have a lot of), 모두 (all together, in total), 할머니 (grandmother, receptive), 삼촌 (uncle, receptive), 두 마리 (two animals — native number + animal counter, receptive). These items are for reading comprehension only and are not expected in productive writing or speaking at this stage.
내용 이해 — Comprehension questions:
- How many people are in Ali's family, not counting the dog? Who are they?
- What is different about Dawit's family situation compared to Ali's?
- Suji says 언니는 결혼했어요. What can you infer about her older sister? What particle does she use after 언니 in this sentence, and why is it 는 rather than 가?
- Which of the three students does not have a cat? Write a sentence using 없어요 to state this.
- Find all three uses of 하고 across the three texts. Write out each full phrase.
받침 읽기 연습 — Batchim reading practice
Find every syllable block in the three texts above that contains a batchim. Write them in Hangeul, identify the batchim consonant, and state the final sound it produces in isolation.
Writing Workshop
This chapter's writing tasks develop the ability to write a family introduction using the structures and vocabulary of this chapter.
- Plan your family introduction. Before writing, decide: Who is in your family? Do you have siblings, parents, children, or pets? How many people in total? Which vocabulary from this chapter will you use? If you prefer not to write about your own family, create a fictional family for a character you name.
- Write a basic family introduction. Write four to six sentences using the following pattern:
- Sentence 1: Greeting with 안녕하세요? and name.
- Sentence 2: Nationality.
- Sentence 3: At least one thing you have, using [noun]이/가 있어요.
- Sentence 4: At least one thing you don't have, using [noun]이/가 없어요.
- Sentence 5 (optional): A sentence connecting two family members with 하고.
- Add a sentence about a pet or say there is no pet. Use 강아지가 있어요, 고양이가 있어요, or 강아지가 없어요. 고양이도 없어요.
- Revise. Check your draft against the editing checklist below before submitting.
체크리스트 — Editing checklist:
- I used 이 after consonant-final nouns and 가 after vowel-final nouns before 있어요/없어요.
- 하고 is attached directly to the preceding noun with no space.
- The particle 이/가 appears on the final noun in a 하고 list, not on the first noun.
- I used 은/는 for the topic (저는) and 이/가 before 있어요/없어요 — not 은/는 before the existential.
- Batchim are spelled correctly in family vocabulary (e.g., 형, 딸, 남동생).
- I chose the correct sibling term for my gender (or the correct gender of my character).
- Each sentence ends with a period or question mark.
- I used 저는 and 제 (not 나는 and 내) throughout.
Speaking Practice
통제 연습 — Controlled practice: Particle drill
Look at the following nouns. For each one, say aloud: the noun, the correct particle (이 or 가), and then either 있어요 or 없어요 according to your own family situation. Move through the list quickly, focusing on accurate particle choice.
형 · 언니 · 오빠 · 누나 · 남동생 · 여동생 · 강아지 · 고양이 · 아내 · 남편 · 딸 · 아들
의사소통 과제 — Communicative task: Family interview
Work in pairs. Partner A interviews Partner B about their family. Then switch. Use only the language you have studied so far. Partner A should ask at least four questions; Partner B should answer with complete sentences. Suggested questions:
- 가족이 있어요?
- 형/언니/오빠/누나가 있어요?
- 남동생이나 여동생이 있어요?
- 가족이 몇 명이에요?
- 강아지가 있어요? 고양이가 있어요?
Model exchange:
A: 형이 있어요?
B: 아니요, 형이 없어요. 누나가 있어요.
혼자 하는 연습 — Solo alternative
Record yourself: (1) Introduce your family in five to seven sentences. (2) Answer the question 가족이 몇 명이에요? with a complete sentence. (3) Connect two family members with 하고 in at least one sentence. Listen back and check that you used 이/가 correctly before 있어요/없어요 and that your batchim sounds are clear.
Culture and Communication
Korean sibling terms are not simply labels for biological siblings. They encode the speaker's own gender relative to the sibling's age, which means the same sibling has a different name depending on who is speaking. A woman calls her older brother 오빠; a man calls his older brother 형. The same biological brother carries two different Korean names depending on the speaker's gender. This system reflects a broader characteristic of Korean kinship language: the terms locate the speaker within a relational structure rather than simply describing the other person in isolation.
In everyday speech among younger Koreans in peer settings, these terms extend beyond biological family. 오빠 and 언니 may be used to address close older friends. 형 and 누나 function similarly among men. These extended uses reflect social closeness and familiarity rather than literal kinship. This is receptive cultural information at this stage — your productive vocabulary should focus on using the terms accurately for actual family members in everyday polite conversation.
Questions about family come up naturally and often in Korean social conversation, including in early acquaintance. Asking 가족이 있어요? ("Do you have family?") or 형제가 있어요? ("Do you have siblings?") is a common way of getting to know someone. This openness about family information reflects conversational norms in many Korean-speaking contexts where family background, household composition, and relationship status are considered appropriate early-conversation topics.
How you answer is up to you. Learners should feel free to give simplified or fictional answers in practice tasks if they prefer not to share personal family details. What matters for language development is that you can ask and answer these questions with accurate, natural Korean.
The family terms taught in this chapter represent the contemporary South Korean standard. Diaspora communities and heritage speakers may use alternative terms for some relationships, or may mix Korean and the local language's kinship vocabulary. In some diaspora contexts, 아빠 and 엄마 are used alongside or instead of 아버지 and 어머니 even in semi-formal contexts, reflecting the informalization of address norms over generations and across communities. This course uses 아버지 and 어머니 as the standard polite forms, while 아빠 and 엄마 are labeled as informal. Neither is incorrect — their appropriateness depends on context, relationship, and community.
Tom's use of 계세요 in the model dialogue is worth brief cultural attention. Korean marks social relationships not only through address terms but through the predicates themselves. The choice between 있어요 (neutral polite) and 계세요 (honorific) when speaking about someone's existence or presence encodes respect for the person being referred to. Using 있어요 about one's own parents in a conversation with a peer is not rude, but speakers who want to signal proper respect for their parents will often use 계세요. This is receptive cultural awareness for now — your productive grammar remains 있어요 and 없어요. The honorific system, including 계세요, becomes productive in later chapters.
Common Mistakes
Error: 저는 언니는 있어요.
Correction: 저는 언니가 있어요. — The topic particle 은/는 marks what the sentence is about. The particle immediately before 있어요/없어요 is 이/가, which marks what exists or is possessed. The pattern is: topic (저는) + [what is possessed]이/가 + 있어요.
Error: 형가 있어요. (형 ends in consonant ㅇ)
Correction: 형이 있어요. — Apply the same rule you use for 은/는 and for the copula: consonant-final nouns take 이; vowel-final nouns take 가. 형 ends in the consonant ㅇ (pronounced /ŋ/), so the particle is 이.
Error: 언니 하고 남동생이 있어요. (space before 하고)
Correction: 언니하고 남동생이 있어요. — 하고 attaches directly to the preceding noun with no space. It behaves like a particle in this respect. Writing a space before 하고 is a very common error among beginners and is incorrect in standard Korean spacing.
Error: 언니가 하고 남동생이 있어요. (particle on the first noun)
Correction: 언니하고 남동생이 있어요. — When two nouns are connected with 하고 before 있어요/없어요, the particle goes on the last noun in the list. The first noun simply takes 하고.
Risk: A female speaker says 형이 있어요 to mean "I have an older brother."
Guidance: 형 is used by male speakers to refer to an older brother. A female speaker uses 오빠 for her older brother. Similarly, 누나 (older sister, male speaker) and 언니 (older sister, female speaker) must be matched to the speaker's gender. At this stage, the key pairs to learn are: female speaker = 오빠 (older brother), 언니 (older sister); male speaker = 형 (older brother), 누나 (older sister).
Chapter Review
Section A — 어휘 (Vocabulary)
1. Write the Korean for each: father · mother · older sister (female speaker) · older brother (female speaker) · older sister (male speaker) · older brother (male speaker) · younger brother · younger sister · son · daughter · family · dog · cat · husband · wife.
2. What is the difference between 있어요 and 이에요/예요? Write one sentence with each to show the difference.
3. What does 하고 mean? Show how it works in a sentence containing two family members.
4. Why does Korean have different sibling terms for male and female speakers? Give an example for each.
Section B — 한글과 문법 (Hangeul and Grammar)
1. Identify the batchim in each of the following words and state which of the seven final sounds it produces: 형 딸 남편 가족 있어요 없어요 아들
2. Add the correct particle (이 or 가) to each noun:
- 언니___ 있어요.
- 남동생___ 없어요.
- 아내___ 있어요.
- 딸___ 있어요.
- 강아지___ 없어요.
3. Combine each pair of nouns using 하고, add the correct particle, and add 있어요:
- 형 + 남동생
- 어머니 + 아버지
- 고양이 + 강아지
4. What is liaison? Write 있어요 in Hangeul, then explain how it is pronounced and why.
5. Correct the errors:
- 저는 언니는 있어요.
- 형가 있어요.
- 언니 하고 남동생이 있어요.
Section C — 독해 이해 (Reading comprehension)
1. Look at Suji's family introduction. How many siblings does Suji have? Name them.
2. What is unusual about Dawit's family compared to the other two students? How does he express this in Korean?
3. Ali says 모두 네 명이에요. What does this mean? Which family members make up his four-person family?
Section D — 쓰기 (Writing)
1. Write a family introduction (five to six sentences) using: a greeting and your name; at least one sentence with 이/가 있어요; at least one sentence with 이/가 없어요; and at least one use of 하고.
Section E — 말하기 (Speaking)
1. Without notes: tell your partner about your family in five sentences. Your partner listens and then asks two follow-up questions using 있어요?. Then switch roles.
누적 복습 — Cumulative review (Chapters 1–3)
Complete the following dialogue. Use what you have studied in all three chapters. Speaker A has lines; write natural Korean responses for Speaker B.
A: 안녕하세요? 저는 지나예요. 처음 만나요. 이름이 뭐예요?
B: ______________________________________
A: 반가워요! 어느 나라 사람이에요?
B: ______________________________________
A: 가족이 있어요?
B: ______________________________________
A: (pointing to a photo) 이분은 누구예요?
B: ______________________________________ (introduce a family member)
A: 강아지나 고양이가 있어요?
B: ______________________________________
A: 그럼, 또 봐요!
B: ______________________________________
Chapter Performance Task
수행 과제
가족 소개 카드와 발표 — Family introduction card and short presentation
You will create a family introduction card and deliver a spoken presentation about your family (or a fictional family).
- Written: Create a family card with three pieces of information: (1) your name and nationality, (2) who is in your family using 있어요/없어요, and (3) how many people are in your family. Write everything in Hangeul with correct spacing.
- Written: Write five sentences to accompany your card, including: a greeting, your name, at least one 하고 construction linking two family members, and at least one use of 없어요.
- Spoken: Present your family to a partner or record yourself. Introduce yourself, describe your family, and respond to one follow-up question using 있어요?.
- Reflection: Write one English sentence about the most challenging grammar point in this chapter (choosing between 이/가 and 은/는, batchim, sibling vocabulary, etc.) and one thing you will practice before Chapter 4.
Assessment focus: correct particle choice (이/가 before 있어요/없어요), accurate 하고 construction, correct batchim spelling in family vocabulary, appropriate sibling term for your gender, Hangeul accuracy, and natural spoken delivery.
Answer Key
Practice — 이 or 가?
1. 언니가 있어요. (vowel-final ㅣ) 2. 형이 없어요. (consonant-final ㅇ) 3. 고양이가 있어요. (vowel-final ㅣ) 4. 남편이 없어요. (consonant-final ㄴ) 5. 아들이 있어요. (consonant-final ㄹ)
Practice — 하고 sentences
1. 언니하고 남동생이 있어요. (남동생 ends in ㅇ → 이) 2. 강아지하고 고양이가 없어요. (고양이 ends in ㅣ → 가) 3. 아버지하고 어머니가 있어요. (어머니 ends in ㅣ → 가) 4. 형하고 누나가 없어요. (누나 ends in ㅏ → 가)
Dialogue — Comprehension
- Layla has an older sister (언니가 있어요) and a dog (강아지도 있어요). She does not have a younger sibling: 언니만 있어요.
- Layla has a dog (강아지). Nurul has a cat (고양이).
- Tom's family has four people: father (아버지), mother (어머니), older brother (형), and himself. Tom says 네 명이에요.
- 계세요 is the honorific form of 있어요, used when the subject of the existence sentence is a person deserving of respect — in this case, Tom's parents.
- In 부모님하고 오빠하고 남동생이 있어요, the particle 이 goes on the last noun, 남동생, because Korean places the particle on the final noun in a 하고 list. 남동생 ends in consonant ㅇ, so the particle is 이.
Listening comprehension table
- 대화 1 — A asks about 가족; B says 있어요; B has 부모님하고 언니.
- 대화 2 — A asks about 남동생; B says 없어요; B has 여동생이 있어요.
- 대화 3 — A asks about 강아지; B says 없어요; B has 고양이가 있어요.
- 대화 4 — A asks 가족이 몇 명이에요; B says 다섯 명이에요; members are 아버지, 어머니, 형, 자신, 남동생.
Reading comprehension
- Ali's family has four people: father, mother, older sister (누나 — Ali is a male speaker), and younger brother. The dog is not counted among the four.
- Dawit does not have parents (부모님이 없어요). He lives with his grandmother and uncle. This contrasts with the other two students who both mention 부모님.
- 언니는 결혼했어요 means Suji's older sister is married. Suji uses 는 here because she is switching topics — she has introduced herself and now shifts to a new topic (her sister). The 는 signals this topic shift, distinct from the subject particle 이/가 used before existential predicates.
- Suji says 고양이가 없어요. Sample sentence: 수지 씨는 고양이가 없어요.
- Three 하고 phrases: Ali: 아버지하고 어머니가 있어요; Dawit: 할머니하고 삼촌이 있어요; Suji: 남편하고 딸이 있어요 and 남동생하고 여동생이 있어요.
Chapter Review — Section B
- 형: batchim ㅇ → /ŋ/; 딸: batchim ㄹ → /l/; 남편: 남 batchim ㅁ → /m/, 편 batchim ㄴ → /n/; 가족: batchim ㄱ → /k/ (unreleased); 있어요: batchim ㅆ → /t/ in isolation, but liaison applies before 어요 → sounds as 이써요; 없어요: double batchim ㅄ → /p/ before consonant, liaison before 어요 → 업써요; 아들: batchim ㄹ → /l/.
- (a) 언니가 (b) 남동생이 (c) 아내가 (d) 딸이 (e) 강아지가
- (a) 형하고 남동생이 있어요. (b) 어머니하고 아버지가 있어요. (c) 고양이하고 강아지가 있어요.
- Liaison is the process by which a batchim consonant moves to the next syllable when that syllable begins with the silent ㅇ (a vowel-initial syllable). 있어요 is written 있 + 어요, but the ㅆ moves into the following syllable because 어 begins with silent ㅇ. It is pronounced 이써요 (three syllables: 이 + 써 + 요).
- (a) → 저는 언니가 있어요. (이/가, not 은/는, before 있어요) (b) → 형이 있어요. (형 is consonant-final → 이, not 가) (c) → 언니하고 남동생이 있어요. (no space before 하고)
Cumulative Review — Model responses for Speaker B
B: 안녕하세요? 저는 [이름]이에요/예요. 반가워요.
B: 저는 [국적] 사람이에요.
B: 네, 있어요. [가족 설명]. / 아니요, [가족 없음 설명].
B: 이분은 제 [가족]이에요/예요. [이름] 씨예요.
B: 네, 강아지가 있어요. / 아니요, 없어요. 고양이가 있어요. / 강아지도 없고 고양이도 없어요.
B: 네, 또 봐요. / 안녕히 가세요.
Check that: 이/가 (not 은/는) appears before 있어요/없어요; 하고 has no space before it; batchim in family vocabulary is spelled correctly; sibling terms match the speaker's gender.
Looking Ahead
지금 할 수 있는 것 — What you can do now
You can say who is and isn't in your family using 있어요 and 없어요, connect family members with 하고, and choose the correct particle 이/가 based on the final sound of the preceding noun. You can name core family members using speaker-appropriate sibling terms. Your batchim reading is developing: you recognize the seven final sounds, understand liaison, and can read words like 있어요, 없어요, 형, and 딸 with greater confidence. You can ask and answer simple questions about family and participate in a short getting-to-know-you exchange across topics from all three chapters so far.