학교에 어떻게 가요?Directions and Movement
Chapter Objectives
By the end of this chapter, you will be able to:
- Ask and answer 어떻게 가요? to find out how to get somewhere.
- Name a route from one place to another using 에서...까지.
- Describe direction and means of transportation using 로/으로.
- Use common movement verbs such as 가다, 오다, 타다, 내리다, 걷다 in everyday polite speech.
- Give a simple polite instruction or direction using -(으)세요.
- Read and write short directions to a familiar place.
- Maintain accurate Hangeul, spacing, particles, and everyday polite speech level while combining this chapter's directional language with vocabulary and grammar from Chapters 1–11.
Communication Scenario
라일라 has just started taking classes at a new language school, and a classmate, 수진, asks her how she gets there every day. 라일라 needs to explain her route — which bus she takes, where she gets on and off, and how she walks the rest of the way. To do this, she needs a way to talk about direction, means of transportation, and starting and ending points — something Chapter 11's future-tense and invitation language cannot yet do on its own.
- This chapter introduces direction and means with 로/으로, routes with 에서...까지, movement verbs, and the polite request form -(으)세요.
- Every task below builds on identity, family, dates, food, routines, location, shopping, and plans language already active from Chapters 1–11.
- By the end of this chapter you will be able to explain how you get somewhere and give someone simple directions.
Core Vocabulary
These items support this chapter's communicative focus: describing routes, transportation, and directions. Vocabulary from earlier chapters remains active and continues to appear in this chapter's tasks.
교통수단 — Modes of transportation
| Korean | Meaning |
|---|---|
| 버스 | bus |
| 지하철 | subway |
| 택시 | taxi |
| 자전거 | bicycle |
| 차 | car |
이동 동사 — Movement verbs
| Korean | Meaning |
|---|---|
| 가요 | go |
| 와요 | come |
| 타요 | ride, get on |
| 내려요 | get off |
| 걸어요 | walk |
| 갈아타요 | transfer (change buses/trains) |
방향과 길 — Direction and route words
| Korean | Meaning |
|---|---|
| 오른쪽, 왼쪽 | right side, left side |
| 앞, 뒤 | front, back |
| 사거리 | intersection |
| 정류장 | (bus) stop |
| 역 | (subway/train) station |
시간 표현 — How long it takes
| Korean | Meaning |
|---|---|
| 얼마나 걸려요? | How long does it take? |
| 십 분, 이십 분 | ten minutes, twenty minutes |
Productive load: approximately 30 items, counting this chapter's vocabulary together with movement verbs and route words practiced across the direction and request patterns below.
Pronunciation Focus
This chapter's main pronunciation target is the liaison that occurs when the particle 으로 or the ending -으세요 follows a batchim-final syllable.
When a batchim-final syllable is followed by a vowel-initial particle or ending such as 으로 or -으세요, the final consonant moves to the following syllable in pronunciation: 지하철로 keeps its own smooth linking, and 앉으세요 is pronounced closer to [an-jeu-se-yo], with the batchim carried forward. This is the same liaison pattern practiced with particles since Chapter 8, now applied to new endings.
Read the following aloud, listening for the linked sound between each syllable.
버스로 · 지하철로 · 앉으세요 · 내리세요
받침 점검: continue distinguishing 로 after vowel-final and ㄹ-final syllables from 으로 after other consonant-final syllables, as introduced in this chapter's grammar section.
Grammar and Sentence Patterns
문법 1 — Direction and means: 로/으로
Communicative purpose: say which direction you are going or which means you are using.
로/으로 marks direction, means of transportation, or method. Use 로 after a vowel-final syllable or a syllable ending in ㄹ, and 으로 after any other consonant-final syllable.
| Noun | Final sound | Particle form |
|---|---|---|
| 버스 | vowel-final | 버스로 |
| 지하철 | ㄹ-final | 지하철로 |
| 오른쪽 | other consonant-final | 오른쪽으로 |
- 저는 버스로 학교에 가요. I go to school by bus. 버스 + 로
- 오른쪽으로 가세요. Please go to the right. 오른쪽 + 으로
문법 2 — Routes with 에서...까지
Communicative purpose: describe where a route starts and ends.
에서 marks the starting point and 까지 marks the ending point of a route or distance. The two particles are often used together in the same sentence.
- 집에서 학교까지 버스로 가요. I go from home to school by bus.
- 여기에서 역까지 얼마나 걸려요? How long does it take from here to the station?
The route pattern 에서...까지 pairs naturally with the duration question 얼마나 걸려요? and with time expressions such as 십 분 for the answer.
Since Chapter 8, 에서 has marked the location where an action happens, as in 도서관에서 공부해요. In this chapter, the same particle also marks the starting point of a route when paired with 까지. Context and the presence of 까지 make the route meaning clear.
문법 3 — Movement verbs
Communicative purpose: describe getting on, getting off, and moving through a route.
- 정류장에서 버스를 타요. I get on the bus at the stop.
- 학교 앞에서 내려요. I get off in front of the school.
- 역에서 지하철을 갈아타요. I transfer subways at the station.
- 저는 학교까지 걸어요. I walk to school.
These verbs follow the same everyday polite -아요/어요 patterns practiced since Chapter 6, applied here to a new set of movement-related actions.
문법 4 — Polite requests and instructions: -(으)세요
Communicative purpose: give a polite instruction or direction to someone.
-(으)세요 attaches to a predicate stem to form a polite request or instruction. Use -세요 after a vowel-final stem and -으세요 after a consonant-final stem.
| Dictionary form | Stem type | -(으)세요 form |
|---|---|---|
| 가다 | vowel-final | 가세요 |
| 타다 | vowel-final | 타세요 |
| 앉다 | consonant-final | 앉으세요 |
| 내리다 | vowel-final | 내리세요 |
- 오른쪽으로 가세요. Please go to the right.
- 사거리에서 내리세요. Please get off at the intersection.
- 여기에서 지하철을 타세요. Please take the subway here.
-(으)세요 gives a request or instruction in the everyday polite style, appropriate for directions, classroom instructions, and service settings already practiced since Chapter 1. It should not be treated as a stronger or more forceful command; it remains within the polite register used throughout this volume.
Practice — Building direction sentences
- Combine 집 and 학교 with 에서...까지 in one sentence.
- Choose the correct particle form, 로 or 으로, for 버스 and for 지하철.
- Change 앉다 and 가다 into their -(으)세요 forms.
- Write one direction using -(으)세요 and one route sentence using 에서...까지.
Model Dialogue
Setting: 수진 asks 라일라 how she gets to their language school every day.
내용 이해 — Comprehension questions:
- How does 라일라 get to school, and how long does it take?
- Where does 라일라 get on the bus, and where does she get off?
- How does 수진 get to school?
- Find one sentence using 에서...까지 and one sentence using -(으)세요 in the dialogue.
Listening
Ask your instructor, a language partner, or a text-to-speech tool to read the following passage aloud. Listen twice without reading, then complete the tasks below.
민준의 통학 방법
저는 민준이에요. 저는 집에서 학교까지 자전거로 가요. 십 분 걸려요. 사거리에서 오른쪽으로 가요. 그리고 학교 앞에서 자전거를 세워요. 날씨가 안 좋으면 버스를 타요. 정류장에서 버스를 타요. 그리고 학교 앞에서 내려요.
듣기 과제 — Listening task: Listen and answer in English.
| 질문 | 답 |
|---|---|
| How does 민준 usually get to school, and how long does it take? | ______ |
| Which direction does he turn at the intersection? | ______ |
| What does he do instead when the weather is bad? | ______ |
받아쓰기 — Dictation: Your partner or instructor reads two sentences from the passage above, once each at natural speed. Write what you hear in Hangeul, then check your spacing and particle accuracy.
- (a sentence with 에서...까지)
- (a sentence with 으로)
Reading
Below is a short message that 지훈 wrote to give a friend directions to a café. Read it and answer the questions below.
지훈의 메시지
안녕하세요! 카페 위치를 알려 줄게요. 역에서 카페까지 걸어서 오세요. 역에서 오른쪽으로 가세요. 사거리에서 왼쪽으로 가세요. 카페는 은행 앞에 있어요. 십 분쯤 걸려요.
This message recycles location language from Chapter 8, quantity and price language from Chapter 9, and this chapter's direction, route, and request patterns.
내용 이해 — Comprehension questions:
- How is 지훈's friend supposed to get from the station to the café?
- Which way should the friend turn at the station, and which way at the intersection?
- Where exactly is the café located?
- Identify one sentence in the message that uses -(으)세요.
Writing Workshop
This chapter's writing task is a short set of directions, 길 안내 ("Directions"), combining a route sentence with 에서...까지, a means of transportation with 로/으로, and at least two instructions with -(으)세요.
- Greet your reader. Use a greeting from Chapter 1.
- State the route. Name the starting point and ending point with 에서...까지.
- Name the means of transportation. Use 로 or 으로 correctly.
- Give at least two directions. Use -(으)세요 with direction words such as 오른쪽으로 or 왼쪽으로.
- State how long it takes. Use 얼마나 걸려요? language or a time expression.
- Revise. Check your draft against the editing checklist below.
체크리스트 — Editing checklist:
- Every sentence uses only Hangeul and only systems activated through Chapter 12.
- Speech level is consistent everyday polite -아요/어요 and -(으)세요 throughout.
- 로 and 으로 are chosen correctly based on the final sound of the preceding noun.
- 에서 and 까지 mark the correct starting point and ending point.
- -(으)세요 is formed correctly for both vowel-final and consonant-final stems.
- Spacing between nouns, particles, and predicates follows the patterns modeled in Chapters 1–11.
Speaking Practice
통제 연습 — Controlled practice: Route chain
Working with a partner or alone, take turns stating a starting point and an ending point with 에서...까지, then naming a means of transportation with 로/으로, for at least three different routes.
의사소통 과제 — Communicative task: 길 안내하기
Work with a partner. One person asks ...에 어떻게 가요? about a real or imagined place near your classroom. The other person gives directions using 에서...까지, a means of transportation, and at least two instructions with -(으)세요.
혼자 하는 연습 — Solo alternative
Record yourself describing how you get from your home to a place you visit often, in four to five connected sentences, using 에서...까지, 로/으로, a movement verb, and one instruction with -(으)세요.
Culture and Communication
Buses and subways are widely used for daily commuting in many South Korean cities, and transfer points between subway lines, as well as numbered station exits, are commonly used as meeting points among friends and classmates, as modeled in this chapter's dialogue.
When giving directions to someone, using the polite instruction form -(으)세요 rather than a blunt command is common in everyday interactions, even among friends, since it keeps the exchange within the everyday polite register practiced throughout this volume.
Common Mistakes to Avoid
Error: 오른쪽로 가세요.
Correction: 오른쪽으로 가세요. — a syllable ending in a consonant other than ㄹ takes 으로, not 로.
Error: 학교까지 집에서 가요.
Correction: 집에서 학교까지 가요. — 에서 marks the starting point and 까지 marks the ending point, and they appear in that order in a route sentence.
Error: 앉세요
Correction: 앉으세요 — a consonant-final stem takes 으세요, not 세요 alone.
Error: using 타요 to describe getting off a bus.
Correction: 타요 means to get on or ride, and 내려요 means to get off — the two verbs describe opposite parts of a route and should not be swapped.
Chapter Review
Section A — 어휘 (Vocabulary)
1. List three modes of transportation.
2. Give one movement verb that means "to get on" and one that means "to get off."
Section B — 문법 (Grammar)
1. Choose the correct particle form, 로 or 으로, for 지하철 and for 왼쪽.
2. Write one sentence using 에서...까지 and one sentence using -(으)세요.
3. Correct the errors:
- 오른쪽로 가세요.
- 앉세요.
Section C — 독해 이해 (Reading Comprehension)
1. According to 지훈's message, where exactly is the café located?
2. How long does it take to walk there from the station?
Section D — 쓰기 (Writing)
1. Write a five-to-six sentence set of directions following the Writing Workshop steps and checklist.
Section E — 말하기 (Speaking)
1. With a partner, ask about and give directions to a place near your classroom, without notes.
누적 복습 — Cumulative review
This chapter recycles identity, family, dates, food, routines, location, shopping, and plans language from Chapters 1 through 11, and adds direction and means with 로/으로, routes with 에서...까지, movement verbs, and the polite request form -(으)세요. If any earlier item felt uncertain while completing this chapter, return to its source chapter before continuing to Chapter 13.
Practical Performance Task
수행 과제
길 안내 — Giving Directions
You will complete a short directions exchange, in speech and in writing, using only the systems activated through Chapter 12.
- Written: Write your directions from the Writing Workshop, including a route sentence, a means of transportation, and at least two instructions.
- Spoken: Ask a partner how to get to a place, and give directions to a place of your own, with a partner or recorded alone.
- Reflection: Write one English sentence identifying which part of this chapter — the 로/으로 particle choice, the 에서...까지 route pattern, or the -(으)세요 stem pattern — still feels least automatic, and one specific thing you will review before Chapter 13.
| Criterion | What is evaluated |
|---|---|
| Particle accuracy | Correct choice between 로 and 으로 based on final sound |
| Route accuracy | Correct use of 에서 for starting point and 까지 for ending point |
| Movement verb accuracy | Correct and appropriate use of 가다, 오다, 타다, 내리다, 걷다 |
| Request accuracy | Correct -(으)세요 formation for vowel-final and consonant-final stems |
| Cohesion | Directions presented in a clear, logical order with consistent speech level |
| Hangeul and spacing accuracy | Accurate spelling and level-appropriate spacing throughout |
| Scope discipline | No structures used beyond Chapters 1–12 |
Answer Key
Grammar Practice
1. Sample: 집에서 학교까지 가요.
2. 지하철로, 왼쪽으로
3. 앉다 → 앉으세요. 가다 → 가세요.
4. Sample direction: 오른쪽으로 가세요. Sample route sentence: 역에서 카페까지 걸어서 가요.
Model Dialogue — Comprehension
- 라일라 goes to school by bus; it takes twenty minutes.
- She gets on the bus at the stop and gets off in front of the school.
- 수진 goes to school by subway and transfers once.
- 에서...까지 — 저는 집에서 학교까지 버스로 가요.; -(으)세요 — 2번 출구에서 만나세요.
Listening comprehension
- 민준 usually gets to school by bicycle; it takes ten minutes.
- He turns right at the intersection.
- When the weather is bad, he takes the bus instead.
Reading comprehension
- The café is located in front of the bank.
- It takes about ten minutes to walk from the station.
- The friend should turn right at the station and left at the intersection.
- -(으)세요 sentence: 역에서 오른쪽으로 가세요.
Chapter Review — Section B
- 지하철로, 왼쪽으로
- Sample: 집에서 역까지 걸어요. / 여기에서 앉으세요.
- (a) → 오른쪽으로 가세요. (b) → 앉으세요.
Section D — Sample directions
안녕하세요? 학교 위치를 알려 줄게요. 집에서 학교까지 버스로 가세요. 정류장에서 버스를 타세요. 사거리에서 오른쪽으로 가세요. 학교 앞에서 내리세요. 이십 분쯤 걸려요.
Check that: the route names a clear starting point and ending point with 에서...까지; the means of transportation uses 로 or 으로 correctly; at least two instructions use -(으)세요; speech level is consistent everyday polite throughout; particles and spacing are accurate.
Looking Ahead
지금 할 수 있는 것 — What you can do now
You can describe how you get somewhere, name a route with a starting point and an ending point, and give someone simple, polite directions. This continues Unit III, where you will move next toward ability, requests, and learning.