기관과 절차Institutions and Procedures
Chapter Objectives
By the end of this chapter, you will be able to:
- Use vocabulary for institutions, offices, forms, and administrative procedures to describe what a process requires and how it is carried out.
- Recognize a wider set of Korean passive-form verbs and identify their active-verb counterparts, applying the passive recognition begun in Chapters 6 and 7 to institutional procedures.
- Recognize the basic function of the causative pattern (-게 하다 and common causative-form verbs) when it appears in instructions and procedural explanations, without full productive control of the causative system.
- Continue using formal -습니다/-습니까 style, now applied to office procedures, forms, and printed institutional notices.
- Make and respond to formal requests using -아/어 주시겠습니까 and related polite request patterns appropriate to institutional settings.
- Read a short form, notice, or set of instructions and identify the steps, requirements, and deadlines it describes.
- Write a short formal request or set of procedural instructions appropriate to an institutional audience.
- Discuss a bureaucratic or administrative task with a partner, asking about required documents, steps, and deadlines using appropriate formal and everyday polite forms.
This chapter continues developing the formal style and source-framing systems from Chapters 6 and 7, now in an institutional-procedures domain. It expands recognized passive-form verbs, introduces receptive recognition of the causative pattern, and introduces formal request forms as a new productive system.
Opening Scenario
지영's discussion group meets at the community center this week, and the topic turns to paperwork. 라일라 needs to renew her residence registration and has no idea which documents are required. 민준 recently visited the district office to request a certificate and found the formal language on the forms harder to follow than he expected. 수아, who works part-time at a university administrative office, offers to walk the group through how Korean institutions typically explain procedures — what documents are required, what steps must be followed, and how to make a polite formal request when something is missing or unclear.
- You will build vocabulary for institutions, offices, documents, and procedural steps, so that you can understand and describe an administrative process.
- You will expand your recognition of passive-form verbs and begin recognizing the causative pattern in procedural instructions.
- You will learn to make formal requests appropriate to institutional settings, continuing the formal-register control developed in Chapters 6 and 7.
Core Vocabulary
The following items support this chapter's institutions-and-procedures domain. All items below are productive at the level indicated in each table.
| Korean | Meaning | Category / Note |
|---|---|---|
| 기관 | institution, agency | noun; formal register |
| 절차 | procedure | noun; formal register |
| 신청하다 | to apply (for something) | action verb |
| 신청서 | application form | noun |
| 서류 | document(s) | noun |
| 제출하다 | to submit | action verb |
| 발급하다 | to issue (a document) | action verb; institutional subject |
| 발급되다 | to be issued | passive-form verb; dictionary form 발급되다 |
| 접수하다 | to receive/process (an application) | action verb; institutional subject |
| 접수되다 | to be received/processed | passive-form verb; dictionary form 접수되다 |
| 작성하다 | to fill out, to draft (a form) | action verb |
| 기입하다 | to write in, to enter (information on a form) | action verb; formal register |
| 서명하다 | to sign | action verb |
| 도장 | official seal, stamp | noun |
| 증명서 | certificate | noun; formal register |
| 등록하다 | to register | action verb |
| 등록되다 | to be registered | passive-form verb; dictionary form 등록되다 |
| 신분증 | identification card | noun |
| 수수료 | fee (administrative) | noun; formal register |
| 기한 | deadline | noun; formal register |
| 연장하다 | to extend (a deadline or period) | action verb |
| 담당자 | the person in charge, staff member responsible | noun; recycled from Ch. 6–7 |
| 창구 | service window, counter | noun |
| 번호표 | numbered ticket (for waiting) | noun |
| 대기하다 | to wait (formally, e.g. in line) | action verb; formal register |
| 확인하다 | to confirm, to check | action verb |
| 확인되다 | to be confirmed | passive-form verb; dictionary form 확인되다 |
| 거절하다 | to reject, to refuse (an application) | action verb |
| 거절되다 | to be rejected | passive-form verb; dictionary form 거절되다 |
| 승인하다 | to approve | action verb |
| 승인되다 | to be approved | passive-form verb; dictionary form 승인되다 |
| 재발급 | reissuance | noun; formal register |
| 규정 | regulation | noun; formal/institutional register |
| 문의하다 | to inquire | action verb; recycled from Ch. 6–7 |
Productive lexical load: approximately 33 items above, within the Volume III range of 35–60 once recycled cumulative items are included.
Pronunciation Focus
This chapter's vocabulary includes many two-syllable Sino-Korean compounds ending in batchim, such as 신청, 접수, and 발급. When these nouns combine with -하다 or -되다, pay attention to how the final batchim of the noun interacts with the following syllable: 접수되다 is pronounced with the ㅂ batchim of 접 linking smoothly into the following syllable, and 발급되다 shows a similar pattern with its double batchim ㄺ.
Practice reading these compounds slowly, syllable by syllable, before speeding up: 접수되다, 발급되다, 등록되다, 승인되다. Listen for how the final consonant of the first syllable carries into the next syllable rather than being dropped.
Grammar and Sentence Patterns
This chapter expands the recognized passive-form verb set from Chapters 6 and 7, introduces receptive recognition of the causative pattern, continues formal -습니다/-습니까 style in a new domain, and introduces formal request patterns as a new productive system for institutional communication.
1. Expanded Passive-Form Verb Recognition
Institutional Korean relies heavily on passive-form verbs, because procedural language often describes what happens to a document or application rather than who acts on it. This chapter expands the small recognized set from Chapters 6 and 7 with six institutional passive-form verbs. As before, full production of the passive and causative systems as general grammatical patterns remains outside this chapter's scope; you are learning these forms as a recognized, high-frequency set of individual verbs.
- 발급되다 — to be issued (vs. 발급하다, for the institution to issue)
- 접수되다 — to be received/processed (vs. 접수하다)
- 등록되다 — to be registered (vs. 등록하다)
- 확인되다 — to be confirmed (vs. 확인하다)
- 거절되다 — to be rejected (vs. 거절하다)
- 승인되다 — to be approved (vs. 승인하다)
- 신청서가 접수되었습니다. The application has been received. 접수되다 + -었습니다 (past formal)
- 서류가 확인되면 증명서가 발급됩니다. Once the documents are confirmed, the certificate is issued. 확인되다 + -(으)면 (condition); 발급되다 (present formal)
- 일부 신청은 서류 미비로 거절되었습니다. Some applications were rejected due to incomplete documents. 거절되다 + -었습니다 (past formal)
2. Recognizing the Causative Pattern -게 하다
Korean institutions often explain a procedure by describing what one party causes another party to do, using the pattern [verb stem]-게 하다 ("to make/let someone do ~"). This chapter introduces this pattern only as a recognized form so that you can understand procedural explanations; you are not expected to produce the causative pattern independently. Full introduction of the passive and causative systems as productive grammar is scheduled for a later volume.
- 신청자가 서류를 다시 제출하게 합니다. — "(The office) has the applicant resubmit the documents."
- 담당자가 신청자를 확인하게 했습니다. — "The staff member had the applicant confirm (the information)."
Notice that in each case, one party (the institution or staff member) causes another party (the applicant) to perform an action. Recognize this meaning when you encounter it in procedural texts; do not attempt to generate new causative sentences yet.
3. Formal Requests: -아/어 주시겠습니까 and Related Patterns
This chapter introduces formal request patterns appropriate to institutional settings, building on the everyday polite request pattern -아/어 주세요 that you already control. The formal equivalents are more indirect and more appropriate when speaking with an institution, an unfamiliar staff member, or in writing.
- -아/어 주시겠습니까? — a polite, indirect formal request ("Would you be willing to ~ for me?")
- -아/어 주시기 바랍니다 — a formal written request, common in notices and instructions ("Please ~" / "It is requested that you ~")
- -아/어 주십시오 — a direct formal request or instruction, common in spoken institutional contexts (recycled from Ch. 7)
| Dictionary form | -아/어 주세요 (everyday polite) | Formal request equivalents |
|---|---|---|
| 확인하다 | 확인해 주세요 | 확인해 주시겠습니까? / 확인해 주시기 바랍니다 |
| 제출하다 | 제출해 주세요 | 제출해 주시겠습니까? / 제출해 주시기 바랍니다 |
| 기다리다 | 기다려 주세요 | 기다려 주시겠습니까? / 대기해 주시기 바랍니다 |
- 죄송하지만, 신분증을 다시 확인해 주시겠습니까? I'm sorry, but would you be able to check your ID again for me? 확인하다 + -아/어 주시겠습니까 (formal indirect request)
- 서류를 기한 내에 제출해 주시기 바랍니다. Please submit the documents within the deadline. 제출하다 + -아/어 주시기 바랍니다 (formal written request)
Use -아/어 주시겠습니까? when speaking directly to institutional staff, and -아/어 주시기 바랍니다 in written notices and instructions. You are expected to produce both forms in this chapter's controlled tasks.
4. Continued Formal Style in Institutional Notices
As in Chapters 6 and 7, institutional notices and printed instructions use formal -습니다/-ㅂ니다 style consistently. This chapter applies the same speech level to describing application steps, requirements, and deadlines.
- 신청서를 작성한 후, 신분증과 함께 창구에 제출하십시오. After filling out the application form, please submit it to the counter along with your ID. 작성하다 + -(으)ㄴ 후 (sequence, recycled); 제출하다 + -십시오 (formal command)
- 수수료는 접수 시 지불해야 합니다. The fee must be paid at the time of submission. 지불하다 + -아/어야 하다 (obligation, recycled) + -ㅂ니다 (formal)
[step 1 with sequence connector -고 / -(으)ㄴ 후] + [step 2, often with a passive-form verb: 접수되다 / 확인되다 / 발급되다] + [formal ending: -습니다/-십시오/-시기 바랍니다]
This frame lets you describe or follow a multi-step institutional process, from submitting documents to receiving a certificate.
Practice — Recognizing formal requests, passives, and the causative pattern
- Read the Model Dialogue and underline every formal request pattern.
- Circle each passive-form verb and give its active-verb counterpart.
- Find the one sentence using -게 하다 and explain, in English, who is causing whom to do what.
Model Dialogue
Setting: 라일라 visits the district office to renew her residence registration. The staff member uses formal style; 라일라 uses everyday polite style, as is typical when a resident speaks to a government office representative.
내용 이해 — Comprehension questions:
- What two documents does 라일라 need to bring, and in what order does the staff member ask her to complete the steps?
- Find the formal request pattern the staff member uses when asking 라일라 to fill out the form. What does it signal about the level of politeness?
- What does the staff member say may happen to some applicants during the confirmation process, and which grammar pattern introduces this?
- How much is the fee, and when should it be paid?
Guided Practice
- Rewrite three of the staff member's sentences from the Model Dialogue in everyday polite -아요/어요 style, keeping the same meaning.
- List the six passive-form verbs introduced in this chapter and give the active-verb counterpart of each.
- Write two original formal requests using -아/어 주시겠습니까? and -아/어 주시기 바랍니다, each about a different institutional situation.
- Find the sentence in the Model Dialogue that uses -게 하다 and restate its meaning in your own words in English.
Listening Practice
Ask your instructor, a language partner, or a text-to-speech tool to read the following passage aloud at a measured pace. Listen twice without reading, then complete the tasks below.
안내: 증명서 재발급 절차
구청 관계자에 따르면, 증명서를 분실한 경우 재발급 신청서를 작성하여 신분증과 함께 창구에 제출해야 합니다. 서류가 접수되면 담당자가 신청 내용을 확인하며, 확인 과정에서 추가 서류 제출을 요청받을 수 있다고 밝혔습니다. 별다른 문제가 없으면 신청일로부터 5일 이내에 증명서가 새로 발급됩니다. 수수료는 오천 원이며, 문의 사항이 있으면 담당 창구로 문의해 주시기 바랍니다.
듣기 과제 — Listening task: Listen and answer in English.
| 질문 | 답 |
|---|---|
| What must a person do if they lose their certificate? | ______ |
| What might happen during the confirmation process? | ______ |
| How long does reissuance take, and how much does it cost? | ______ |
Reading Practice
Read the short form instructions and the follow-up notice below, then answer the questions that follow.
신청서 작성 안내
1. 신청서에 이름, 생년월일, 주소를 정확히 기입해 주십시오.
2. 서명란에 서명하거나 도장을 찍어 주시기 바랍니다.
3. 신분증 사본을 함께 제출해 주시겠습니까?
4. 작성이 완료되면 창구 담당자에게 제출해 주십시오.
처리 결과 안내
신청서가 접수된 후 담당자가 서류를 확인하였습니다. 확인 결과, 일부 서류가 미비하여 신청이 거절되었습니다. 부족한 서류를 준비하여 기한 내에 다시 제출해 주시기 바랍니다. 재신청 시에는 별도의 수수료가 부과되지 않는다고 담당자가 밝혔습니다.
내용 이해 — Comprehension questions:
- List, in order, the four steps described in the form instructions.
- According to the processing-result notice, why was the application rejected?
- What must the applicant do next, and will they need to pay an additional fee?
- Identify two formal request patterns used across both passages and explain, in English, what each signals about the relationship between the institution and the applicant.
Writing Workshop
This chapter's writing task asks you to produce a short set of procedural instructions and a formal request, demonstrating control of formal style, passive-form verbs, and formal request patterns.
- Choose an institutional situation. Pick a small, plausible scenario: applying for a card, registering for a service, requesting a certificate, or renewing a document.
- Draft the procedural instructions. Write three to four numbered steps in -습니다/-ㅂ니다 or command style, including at least one recognized passive-form verb from this chapter or Chapters 6–7.
- Draft a formal request. Write one or two sentences making a formal request related to the same situation, using -아/어 주시겠습니까? or -아/어 주시기 바랍니다.
- Check register. Confirm that your entire draft stays in formal style and does not slip into everyday polite -아요/어요 endings.
- Revise. Check your draft against the checklist below.
체크리스트 — Editing checklist:
- The procedural steps are numbered and logically ordered.
- The draft uses -습니다/-ㅂ니다 style consistently throughout.
- At least one recognized passive-form verb is used correctly.
- At least one formal request pattern (-아/어 주시겠습니까? or -아/어 주시기 바랍니다) is used correctly.
- Only Hangeul is used; no romanization appears.
- Spacing and particles are accurate throughout.
- No grammar or vocabulary beyond Volume III, Chapters 1–8, appears productively.
Speaking Practice
통제 연습 — Controlled practice: 안내문 읽어 보기
Read the Reading Practice form instructions aloud at a slow, deliberate pace, maintaining the measured rhythm of formal spoken Korean.
의사소통 과제 — Communicative task: 서류 신청하기
With a partner, role-play a visit to an institutional office. One partner plays the applicant, asking what documents are needed and making a formal request; the other plays the staff member, explaining the procedure in formal style and using at least one recognized passive-form verb.
혼자 하는 연습 — Solo alternative
Record yourself explaining a real or invented institutional procedure in formal style, then record a second version in which you make a polite formal request related to that procedure.
Culture and Communication
Korean institutional staff typically favor indirect formal request patterns such as -아/어 주시겠습니까? over direct commands, even when a straightforward instruction is intended. This indirectness signals respect toward the person being addressed and is common across government offices, banks, and other public-facing institutions.
Many Korean government offices, banks, and hospitals use a numbered-ticket system (번호표) at service counters (창구). Visitors take a ticket upon arrival and wait until their number is called, which helps manage order and reduces the need to physically queue.
Specific documents, fees, and steps described in this chapter are illustrative rather than universal. Actual requirements can vary by city, by office, and by the type of document requested, and they may change over time. Always confirm current requirements directly with the relevant institution.
Common Mistakes to Avoid
Error: Saying 확인해 주세요 to institutional staff in a context that calls for a more formal, indirect request.
Correction: Use 확인해 주시겠습니까? in spoken institutional contexts, or 확인해 주시기 바랍니다 in written notices, as modeled in this chapter.
Error: Writing 신청서가 접수합니다, which incorrectly treats the application form as the one performing the action.
Correction: Use the passive-form verb when the document is the grammatical subject: 신청서가 접수됩니다 ("The application is received"). Reserve 접수하다 for sentences where the institution or staff member is the subject.
Error: Attempting to construct new sentences with -게 하다 before this system is formally activated for production.
Correction: At this stage, focus on recognizing and understanding -게 하다 when you encounter it in procedural texts. Full productive control of the causative system is scheduled for a later volume.
Chapter Review
Section A — 어휘 (Vocabulary)
1. Give the meaning of 발급되다, 접수되다, and 거절되다, and identify the active-verb counterpart of each.
Section B — 문법 (Grammar)
1. Convert three everyday polite requests about an institutional procedure into formal request forms using -아/어 주시겠습니까? or -아/어 주시기 바랍니다.
2. Write one sentence using a recognized passive-form verb and one sentence using a formal request pattern, both about an institutional topic.
3. Explain, in English, the meaning of one sentence from this chapter that uses -게 하다.
Section C — 독해 이해 (Reading Comprehension)
1. Summarize the Reading Practice processing-result notice in three to four English sentences, naming what happened to the application and what the applicant must do next.
Section D — 쓰기 (Writing)
1. Write your own set of procedural instructions and formal request following the Writing Workshop steps and checklist.
Section E — 말하기 (Speaking)
1. Perform the office-visit role-play with a partner or record both roles yourself, following the Speaking Practice guidance above.
누적 복습 — Cumulative review
This chapter recycles formal -습니다/-습니까 style and source-framing patterns from Chapters 6 and 7, expands recognized passive-form verbs to a new institutional domain, and introduces formal request patterns as a new productive system. It also introduces receptive recognition of the causative pattern, which will be developed further in a later volume.
Practical Performance Task
수행 과제
절차 설명하고 formal 요청하기 — Explaining a Procedure and Making a Formal Request
You will describe an institutional procedure and make a formal request, both in writing and aloud, using formal style, a recognized passive-form verb, and a formal request pattern.
- Reading: Read the Reading Practice form instructions and processing-result notice (or similar passages your instructor provides).
- Written pair: Write three to four numbered procedural steps in formal style, including at least one passive-form verb, plus one formal request sentence using -아/어 주시겠습니까? or -아/어 주시기 바랍니다.
- Spoken restatement: Explain the procedure aloud in formal style, then make the same formal request aloud as if speaking to a staff member.
- Reflection: Write one to two English sentences identifying one passive-form verb you used and explaining why the passive form was more appropriate than the active form in that sentence.
| Criterion | What is evaluated |
|---|---|
| Reading comprehension | Steps, requirements, and outcomes of each passage are correctly identified |
| Formal style control | Written instructions use -습니다/-ㅂ니다 consistently and correctly |
| Passive-form recognition | At least one recognized passive-form verb is used correctly |
| Formal request control | At least one formal request pattern is used accurately and appropriately |
| Register discipline | No mixing of everyday polite and formal endings within the same passage |
| Register shift (spoken) | Spoken restatement and request are delivered in consistent formal style |
| Hangeul and spacing accuracy | Accurate spelling and level-appropriate spacing throughout, no romanization |
| Scope discipline | No structures used productively beyond Volume III, Chapters 1–8 |
Answer Key
Model Dialogue — Comprehension
- 라일라 needs her ID and an application form. She is first asked to fill out the application form, then to submit it along with her ID.
- The staff member uses 작성해 주시겠습니까?, an indirect formal request that signals respect and politeness appropriate to an institutional setting.
- The staff member says applicants may sometimes be asked to resubmit documents during the confirmation process, introduced by the causative pattern -게 하는 경우도 있으니.
- The fee is ten thousand won, to be paid at the time of submission.
Listening comprehension
- A person who loses their certificate must fill out a reissuance application and submit it with their ID at the counter.
- During confirmation, the applicant may be asked to submit additional documents.
- Reissuance takes about five days from the application date and costs five thousand won.
Reading comprehension
- Step 1: Fill in name, date of birth, and address accurately. Step 2: Sign or stamp the signature line. Step 3: Submit a copy of your ID along with the form. Step 4: Once completed, submit it to the counter staff member.
- The application was rejected because some of the required documents were incomplete.
- The applicant must prepare the missing documents and resubmit within the deadline; no additional fee will be charged for the resubmission.
- Sample answer: 제출해 주시겠습니까? signals a polite, indirect spoken-style request, while 제출해 주시기 바랍니다 signals a formal written request typical of printed instructions; both show respect toward the person being addressed rather than issuing a blunt command.
Chapter Review — Section B
1. Sample answer: 서류를 확인해 주세요 → 서류를 확인해 주시겠습니까?; 신청서를 제출해 주세요 → 신청서를 제출해 주시기 바랍니다; 잠깐 기다려 주세요 → 잠시 대기해 주시겠습니까?
2. Sample answer: 신청서가 접수되었습니다. / 서류를 다시 확인해 주시겠습니까?
3. Sample answer: In 담당자가 신청자를 확인하게 했습니다, the staff member (the causer) had the applicant (the one caused) perform the action of confirming information, rather than performing the confirmation personally.
Section D — Sample response pair
Procedural steps: 1. 신청서를 작성합니다. 2. 신분증과 함께 창구에 제출합니다. 3. 서류가 접수되면 담당자가 확인합니다. 4. 문제가 없으면 증명서가 발급됩니다.
Formal request: 서류를 기한 내에 다시 제출해 주시기 바랍니다.
Check that: the procedural steps stay in -습니다/-ㅂ니다 style throughout and include at least one passive-form verb, and the formal request uses -아/어 주시겠습니까? or -아/어 주시기 바랍니다 correctly.
Looking Ahead
지금 할 수 있는 것 — What you can do now
You can describe institutional procedures and documents; recognize an expanded set of passive-form verbs and the basic meaning of the causative pattern; make and respond to formal requests appropriate to institutional settings; and read and follow a form's step-by-step instructions. These skills prepare you for Chapter 9, where you will move from spoken institutional interaction to formal written correspondence, including honorific address and respectful requests in emails and inquiries.