인터뷰와 공개 토론Interviews and Public Discussion
Chapter Objectives
By the end of this chapter, you will be able to:
- Recognize the formal spoken register used in interviews and public discussion, distinct from the written report register of Chapter 6.
- Take and yield conversational turns appropriately in a formal spoken exchange, using standard turn-taking language.
- Mark your own stance clearly — agreement, partial agreement, reservation, or disagreement — without abandoning politeness or register.
- Ask for clarification and repair misunderstandings in a formal spoken exchange.
- Answer interview-style questions with organized, appropriately hedged spoken responses.
- Participate in a short formal discussion or mock interview, maintaining consistent register and clear turn management throughout.
This chapter continues Unit II, 미디어와 공공 쟁점 (Media and Public Issues), moving from the written report register of Chapter 6 into formal spoken interaction. It introduces turn-taking, stance-marking, and clarification language as new productive systems, while continuing to consolidate register discipline, source attribution, and report structure from Chapters 1–6.
Opening Scenario
수아 and 민준's class is invited to observe — and then take part in — a recorded roundtable discussion for the campus radio station about the shuttle-bus fare increase covered in last week's news writing. 박 교수님 explains that reading a report and speaking about it in a live discussion require different skills: a discussion moves in real time, speakers must claim and yield the floor, ask for clarification when something is unclear, and mark their own stance without simply repeating what a report already said. Today's goal is to move from analyzing media as a reader to participating in formal spoken exchange as a speaker — asking follow-up questions, taking a position, and staying in register under the pressure of a live conversation.
- You will learn the language of formal turn-taking: claiming the floor, yielding it, and inviting another speaker to continue.
- You will learn to mark stance — agreement, partial agreement, reservation, and disagreement — in formal spoken Korean.
- You will practice asking for clarification and repairing a misunderstanding, then take part in a short mock interview or roundtable discussion.
Unit II Overview
Unit II, 미디어와 공공 쟁점 (Media and Public Issues), runs from Chapter 6 through Chapter 10. It builds media literacy, formal spoken interaction, civic vocabulary, and general legal/administrative awareness before a unit assessment in Chapter 10.
| Chapter | Focus | Principal new systems |
|---|---|---|
| Ch. 6 | Reading Media Critically | headline style, framing, source voice, report structure |
| Ch. 7 | Interviews and Public Discussion | formal spoken Korean, turns, stance, clarification |
| Ch. 8 | Social and Civic Issues | public issue analysis, careful claims, institutional vocabulary |
| Ch. 9 | Legal and Administrative Language for General Purposes | rights/obligations vocabulary, forms, restrictions, boundaries |
| Ch. 10 | Unit II Assessment | media dossier and public explanation (consolidation only) |
Chapter 7 does not repeat Chapter 6's written report work directly, but the writing workshop and speaking tasks below continue to draw on the source-attribution and structural skills introduced there, alongside the register discipline, comparison, and argumentation from Chapters 1–5.
Core Vocabulary
The following items support participating in and discussing formal spoken interviews and public discussion at a B2–C1 level. All items are productive unless labeled receptive.
| Korean | Category | Meaning | Note |
|---|---|---|---|
| 인터뷰 | noun | interview | 인터뷰하다 (to interview / to be interviewed) |
| 토론 | noun | discussion, debate | 토론하다 (to discuss, to debate) |
| 사회자 | noun | moderator, host | — |
| 패널 | noun | panelist | — |
| 발언 | noun | a remark, an utterance (in discussion) | 발언하다 (to speak, to make a remark) |
| 발언권 | noun | the floor, the right to speak | 발언권을 얻다 (to be given the floor) |
| 말씀드리다 | action verb | to say (humble) | 한 말씀 드리겠습니다 (Let me say one thing) |
| 끼어들다 | action verb | to interrupt, to cut in | register: neutral to negative depending on context |
| 말을 끊다 | phrase | to cut someone off (mid-speech) | — |
| 이어서 | adverb | continuing on, following that | — |
| 덧붙이다 | action verb | to add (a remark) | — |
| 보충하다 | action verb | to supplement, to add detail | — |
| 입장 | noun | position, stance | 입장을 밝히다 (to state one's position) |
| 동의하다 | action verb | to agree | — |
| 공감하다 | action verb | to empathize, to relate to (a point) | — |
| 일부 동의하다 | phrase | to partly agree | — |
| 이견이 있다 | phrase | to have a differing view | softer than 반대하다 |
| 반대하다 | action verb | to oppose, to disagree | — |
| 유보하다 | action verb | to reserve (judgment) | 판단을 유보하다 (to reserve judgment) |
| 단정적으로 | adverb | definitively, conclusively | 단정적으로 말하기 어렵다 (hard to say definitively) |
| 확인하다 | action verb | to confirm, to check | — |
| 다시 말씀해 주시겠어요? | phrase | Could you say that again? | clarification request, formal |
| 정확히 어떤 뜻인지 | phrase | exactly what you mean by that | clarification request, formal |
| 제가 이해하기로는 | phrase | as I understand it | hedge / clarification-check opener |
| 말씀하신 대로 | phrase | as you said | — |
| 질문을 좀 더 구체적으로 | phrase | (to make) the question more specific | — |
| 답변하다 | action verb | to answer, to respond (formally) | — |
| 논점 | noun | the point at issue | — |
| 쟁점 | noun | a contested issue | — |
| 진행자 | noun | host/facilitator (broadcast) | largely overlaps with 사회자 |
| 방청객 | noun | studio audience | receptive-leaning |
| 시간 관계상 | phrase | due to time constraints | used by moderators to close a topic |
| 마무리하다 | action verb | to wrap up, to conclude | — |
| 경청하다 | action verb | to listen attentively | register: formal |
Receptive/analytical items in this chapter: 방청객. This may be recognized and discussed but is not independently assessed as productive vocabulary.
Pronunciation Focus
In formal spoken discussion, a speaker claiming the floor often uses a brief rising-then-level pitch on an opening phrase such as 저도 한 말씀 드리자면, signaling "I would like to add something" before the moderator or another speaker has fully finished. This differs from an interruption, which typically breaks in on a falling pitch mid-clause.
Stance-marking phrases such as 저는 다소 이견이 있습니다 are typically delivered with a measured, slightly lowered pitch, distinct from the more animated pitch used for enthusiastic agreement such as 전적으로 동의합니다. Practice contrasting these two intonation patterns aloud.
Grammar and Sentence Patterns
This chapter introduces formal spoken turn-taking, stance-marking, and clarification language as new productive systems. It builds directly on the register discipline (Ch. 1) and the source-attribution and quotation systems consolidated in Chapter 6, expanding them into live, interactive spoken discourse.
1. Claiming and Yielding the Floor
Formal spoken discussion in Korean uses set phrases to request, claim, and yield the floor, keeping the exchange orderly without requiring interruption. These phrases attach to the formal deferential style already active from Chapter 1.
- 저도 한 말씀 드려도 될까요?May I also say something?floor-request: -아/어도 될까요 + 한 말씀 드리다
- 이어서 말씀드리자면,Continuing on from that, ...floor-claim connector: turn-initial framing phrase
- 네, 여기까지만 말씀드리겠습니다.Yes, I'll stop here for now.floor-yield: signals the speaker is finished
2. Marking Stance: Agreement, Partial Agreement, and Reservation
A formal spoken discussion requires a speaker to mark their own stance clearly but without excessive bluntness. The following patterns move from strong agreement to clear disagreement, each appropriate to different degrees of confidence and social distance.
- 말씀하신 부분에 전적으로 동의합니다.I fully agree with the point you made.동의하다 + 전적으로 (fully) = strong agreement
- 그 점에는 일부 동의하지만, 다른 측면도 고려해야 할 것 같습니다.I partly agree with that point, but I think other aspects should also be considered.일부 동의하다 + -지만 = partial agreement with a following contrast
- 저는 그 부분에 대해 다소 이견이 있습니다.I have somewhat differing views on that point.이견이 있다 = softened disagreement
- 지금 단계에서는 판단을 유보하고 싶습니다.At this stage, I would like to reserve judgment.판단을 유보하다 = declining to commit to a position yet
3. Asking for Clarification and Repairing Misunderstanding
When a speaker's meaning is unclear, formal spoken Korean uses set clarification requests rather than simply guessing or ignoring the gap. These requests remain in the deferential or polite register throughout.
- 죄송하지만, 다시 한번 말씀해 주시겠어요?I'm sorry, but could you say that once more?-아/어 주시겠어요 = polite request for repetition
- 정확히 어떤 뜻으로 말씀하신 건지 여쭤봐도 될까요?May I ask exactly what you meant by that?여쭤보다 (humble: to ask) + -아/어도 될까요
- 제가 이해하기로는 ~라는 말씀이신 것 같은데, 맞을까요?As I understand it, I believe you mean ~ — is that right?clarification-check: restating for confirmation
4. Moderator Language: Directing and Closing a Topic
A moderator or host uses a distinct set of directive phrases to allocate turns, redirect a discussion back to the topic, and close a segment. These phrases remain within the formal deferential register even when redirecting a speaker.
- 이 부분에 대해 다른 의견 있으신 분 계신가요?Is there anyone with a different opinion on this point?
- 시간 관계상 이 주제는 여기서 마무리하겠습니다.Due to time constraints, I'll wrap up this topic here.
[발언권 신호] + [입장 표현: 동의/일부 동의/이견/유보] + [근거 한 문장] + [발언권 마무리]
발언권 신호 = floor signal; 입장 표현 = stance expression; 근거 = one supporting reason; 발언권 마무리 = turn closer
저도 한 말씀 드리자면, 말씀하신 부분에 일부 동의하지만 요금 인상이 학생들에게 미치는 부담도 함께 고려해야 한다고 생각합니다. 이 점만 말씀드리고 마치겠습니다.
If I may add something, I partly agree with the point you made, but I think the burden the fare increase places on students should also be considered. I'll close with just that point.
Practice — Stance and Clarification
- Write a floor-claiming phrase you could use to add a follow-up point after another speaker finishes.
- Rewrite this blunt disagreement in a softer, formal register: "그건 틀렸어요."
- Write a clarification request you could use if a panelist's answer was too vague.
Model Text: Interview Excerpt
박 교수님 shares a transcript excerpt from the campus radio roundtable on the shuttle-bus fare increase, illustrating turn-taking, stance-marking, and clarification in formal spoken Korean.
Context: a recorded campus radio roundtable discussion. 진행자 is the moderator; 김민지 and 이도현 are student panelists with differing views on the fare increase.
구조 분석 — Structure analysis questions:
- Identify the floor-claiming phrase 이도현 uses before disagreeing with 김민지.
- Identify the moderator's clarification request and 이도현's clarifying response.
- Which speaker uses partial agreement, and which uses reservation ("differing views")? Quote the relevant phrase for each.
Guided Practice
- Choose a familiar campus or community issue (real or invented, it may be the same one used in Chapter 6's report).
- Write a floor-claiming opener for your first turn.
- Write one stance-marked sentence expressing agreement, partial agreement, reservation, or disagreement.
- Write one clarification request you could direct to another speaker.
- Write a floor-yielding closer to end your turn.
- Exchange with a partner and identify each other's floor-claim, stance marker, clarification request, and floor-yield.
Listening Practice
Ask your instructor, a language partner, or a text-to-speech tool to read the following short discussion excerpt aloud at a measured, formal pace. Listen twice without reading, then complete the tasks below.
토론 발췌: 도서관 24시간 개방에 대한 의견
사회자: 중앙 도서관 24시간 개방 시범 운영에 대해 의견을 나눠 보겠습니다. 먼저 말씀해 주시겠어요? 패널 1: 네, 저는 이 정책에 전적으로 동의합니다. 시험 기간에 자리가 부족한 문제를 해결할 수 있을 것 같습니다. 패널 2: 저도 한 말씀 드려도 될까요? 그 점에는 공감하지만, 안전 문제에 대해서는 아직 판단을 유보하고 싶습니다. 사회자: 방금 말씀하신 안전 문제라는 게 구체적으로 무엇을 가리키는지 여쭤봐도 될까요? 패널 2: 심야 시간에 혼자 있는 학생들의 안전을 말씀드리는 겁니다.
듣기 과제 — Listening task: Listen and answer in English.
| 질문 | 답 |
|---|---|
| What stance does Panelist 1 take, and what reason is given? | ______ |
| What stance does Panelist 2 take toward the policy overall? | ______ |
| What clarification does the moderator request? | ______ |
| What specific concern does Panelist 2 clarify? | ______ |
Reading Practice
Read the following discussion transcript excerpt, then answer the questions that follow.
글: 일회용컵 사용 제한에 대한 학생 토론회 발췌
사회자: 오늘은 교내 카페의 일회용컵 사용 제한 정책에 대해 이야기해 보겠습니다. 학생지원처 관계자분부터 말씀해 주시겠습니까? 관계자: 네, 말씀드리겠습니다. 이번 조치는 환경 부담을 줄이기 위한 것으로, 저희는 이 정책에 대해 확신을 가지고 있습니다. 학생 대표: 저도 한 말씀 드려도 될까요? 취지에는 공감하지만, 다회용 컵을 챙기기 어려운 학생들의 불편도 고려해야 한다고 생각합니다. 사회자: 방금 말씀하신 "불편"이 구체적으로 어떤 상황을 말하는지 좀 더 설명해 주시겠어요? 학생 대표: 예를 들어, 아침 수업 전에 급하게 이동하는 학생들은 컵을 따로 챙기기가 쉽지 않다는 겁니다. 관계자: 그 점은 저희도 일부 동의합니다. 다만 포장 주문에 한해서는 유상으로 일회용컵을 제공할 예정이므로, 큰 불편은 없을 것으로 보고 있습니다. 사회자: 네, 잘 알겠습니다. 시간 관계상 이 주제는 여기서 마무리하겠습니다.
내용 이해 — Comprehension questions:
- Identify the moderator's opening turn-allocation phrase and the official's floor-claiming response.
- What stance does the student representative take, and how is it marked?
- Identify the moderator's clarification request and the student representative's clarifying response.
- Where does the official partially agree, and what limiting condition does she add?
- Identify the moderator's closing phrase and explain its function.
- Compare this discussion's structure to the written report in Chapter 6. What is similar, and what is different about how sources and stances are presented?
Writing Workshop
This chapter's writing task asks you to write a short discussion transcript (6–8 lines) between a moderator and two speakers with differing views on a familiar campus or public issue, including at least one floor-claim, one stance marker of each type (agreement or partial agreement, and reservation or disagreement), and one clarification exchange.
패널 1: [입장 표현 — 동의/일부 동의]
패널 2: [발언권 요청] + [입장 표현 — 이견/유보]
사회자: [명료화 요청]
패널 2: [명료화 응답]
사회자: [마무리]
Panelist 1: [Stance — agreement/partial agreement]
Panelist 2: [Floor request] + [Stance — reservation/disagreement]
Moderator: [Clarification request]
Panelist 2: [Clarifying response]
Moderator: [Closing]
- Set the scene. Choose a familiar issue and write the moderator's opening line, allocating the floor to the first speaker.
- Write the first stance. Have Panelist 1 respond with a clear stance marker and one supporting reason.
- Claim the floor. Have Panelist 2 use a floor-claiming phrase before responding with a different stance.
- Request clarification. Have the moderator or a panelist ask for clarification on a vague or unclear point.
- Clarify and close. Have the relevant speaker clarify, then have the moderator close the segment.
체크리스트 — Checklist:
- At least one floor-claiming phrase is used correctly.
- At least one stance marker each of agreement/partial agreement and reservation/disagreement is used.
- At least one clarification request and matching response are included.
- The moderator opens and closes the segment appropriately.
- All speakers remain in consistent formal deferential register.
- Spacing, particles, and Hangeul spelling are accurate, with no romanization.
- No structure beyond Chapters 1–7 has been used productively.
Speaking Practice
통제 연습 — Controlled practice: 대본 읽기
Read your written transcript aloud from the Writing Workshop with a partner or by recording each role yourself, using the turn-claiming and stance intonation patterns from the Pronunciation Focus.
의사소통 과제 — Communicative task: 모의 토론
With one or two partners, hold a short unscripted discussion on a familiar campus issue. One person acts as moderator, allocating turns and requesting clarification; the others take differing stances, using at least one floor-claim and one stance marker each.
혼자 하는 연습 — Solo alternative
Record yourself playing both the moderator and a panelist on a familiar issue, switching roles for each turn. Listen back and identify, out loud, each floor-claim, stance marker, and clarification exchange.
Culture and Communication
In many formal Korean discussion settings, direct disagreement is typically softened with phrases such as 이견이 있다 (to have a differing view) rather than a blunt 반대하다 (to oppose), especially toward someone of higher status, an institutional representative, or in a broadcast setting. This softening is a register choice, not a sign that the speaker lacks a firm position.
A moderator in a formal Korean discussion is expected to actively allocate turns, request clarification on behalf of the audience, and close topics when time is limited. Speakers generally wait for or explicitly request the floor rather than interjecting freely, which differs from the more overlapping turn-taking style common in some informal conversations.
The formal spoken register modeled in this chapter — measured pacing, deferential endings, explicit turn-taking phrases — is typical of broadcast interviews, public panels, and formal meetings. Everyday spoken Korean among peers is generally faster, more elliptical, and less reliant on explicit turn-taking language; a learner should not assume this chapter's register applies to casual conversation.
Common Mistakes to Avoid
Error: Breaking into another speaker's turn mid-sentence without a floor-claiming phrase, which can read as rude in a formal discussion setting.
Correction: Use a floor-claiming phrase such as 저도 한 말씀 드려도 될까요? and wait for a natural pause or the moderator's cue before speaking.
Error: Using a blunt phrase such as 그건 틀렸어요 in a formal panel or interview setting.
Correction: Use a softened stance marker such as 그 부분에 대해 다소 이견이 있습니다, which expresses clear disagreement while remaining in register.
Error: Responding to an unclear point by guessing at its meaning rather than checking, which can lead to talking past the other speaker.
Correction: Use a clarification request such as 정확히 어떤 뜻으로 말씀하신 건지 여쭤봐도 될까요? before responding to the point.
Chapter Review
Section A — 어휘 (Vocabulary)
1. Match the following items to their meanings: 발언권, 동의하다, 이견이 있다, 유보하다, 끼어들다.
Section B — 문법 (Grammar)
1. Write a floor-claiming phrase followed by a partial-agreement stance sentence on a topic of your choice.
2. Write one clarification request and one clarifying response as a short exchange.
Section C — 독해 이해 (Reading Comprehension)
1. Summarize the disposable-cup discussion transcript in four or five English sentences, identifying each speaker's stance and the clarification exchange.
Section D — 쓰기 (Writing)
1. Complete the Writing Workshop transcript, following the steps and checklist above.
Section E — 말하기 (Speaking)
1. Perform your transcript or hold an unscripted discussion with a partner or recording, as described in Speaking Practice above.
누적 복습 — Cumulative review
This chapter recycles formal register discipline (Chapter 1), institutional and procedural vocabulary (Chapter 2), comparison language (Chapter 3), evidence-based claims (Chapters 4–5), and source-attribution and report structure (Chapter 6), while introducing turn-taking, stance-marking, and clarification as new productive systems.
Practical Performance Task
수행 과제 — Chapter 7 Performance Task
모의 토론 참여 — Participating in a Mock Discussion
You will read a discussion transcript and answer comprehension questions, listen to a related broadcast-style discussion excerpt, write your own short discussion transcript, and perform or hold a live discussion with attention to turn-taking, stance-marking, and clarification.
- Reading: Read the disposable-cup discussion transcript and answer the comprehension questions above.
- Listening: Listen to the library discussion passage and answer the listening task questions above.
- Writing: Write a complete short discussion transcript following the Writing Workshop model and checklist.
- Speaking: Perform your transcript or hold a live discussion, using at least one floor-claim, one stance marker of each type, and one clarification exchange.
| Criterion | What is evaluated |
|---|---|
| Reading and listening comprehension | Stances, floor-claims, and clarification exchanges are correctly identified in both passages |
| Turn-taking language | Floor-claiming and floor-yielding phrases are used accurately and appropriately |
| Stance-marking | At least one clear stance marker of agreement/partial agreement and one of reservation/disagreement are used accurately |
| Clarification and repair | At least one clarification request and matching response are used correctly |
| Register consistency | Formal deferential register is maintained by all speakers throughout |
| Discussion structure | The moderator opens, manages, and closes the segment appropriately |
| Hangeul and spacing accuracy | Accurate spelling and level-appropriate spacing throughout, no romanization |
| Scope discipline | No structures used productively beyond Volume IV, Chapters 1–7 |
Answer Key
Model Text — Structure Analysis
- 이도현's floor-claiming phrase is 저도 한 말씀 드려도 될까요?, used before disagreeing with 김민지.
- The moderator's clarification request is 방금 말씀하신 "부담"이라는 게 정확히 어떤 의미인지 좀 더 구체적으로 말씀해 주시겠어요?; 이도현's clarifying response identifies the burden as transportation costs for students commuting long distances.
- 김민지 uses partial agreement (일부 동의합니다); 이도현 uses reservation (다소 이견이 있습니다).
Listening comprehension
- Panelist 1 fully agrees with the policy, reasoning that it will solve the problem of limited seating during exam periods.
- Panelist 2 empathizes with that point but reserves judgment specifically on the safety issue.
- The moderator asks Panelist 2 to specify exactly what the mentioned "safety issue" refers to.
- Panelist 2 clarifies that the concern is the safety of students alone late at night.
Reading comprehension
- The moderator's opening line allocates the floor to the Student Support Office official first; the official's response begins with 네, 말씀드리겠습니다.
- The student representative claims the floor with 저도 한 말씀 드려도 될까요? and marks a stance of empathizing with the goal while raising a concern — closer to partial agreement with a reservation about implementation.
- The moderator asks the student representative to explain more specifically what "불편" (inconvenience) refers to; the representative clarifies it means difficulty carrying a reusable cup during a rushed morning commute.
- The official partially agrees with the student's point but adds the limiting condition that disposable cups will still be available for a fee for takeout orders, so she does not expect major inconvenience.
- The moderator's closing phrase is 시간 관계상 이 주제는 여기서 마무리하겠습니다, signaling that the segment is ending due to time constraints.
- Compared to the Chapter 6 written report, this discussion presents stances directly through the speakers' own turns rather than through reporter narration and attribution predicates; both formats still require identifying who is responsible for each claim, but the discussion format adds live turn-taking and clarification not present in a written report.
Chapter Review — Section B
1. Sample response: 저도 한 말씀 드려도 될까요? 그 점에는 일부 동의하지만, 다른 방안도 검토해야 할 것 같습니다.
2. Sample exchange: 정확히 어떤 뜻으로 말씀하신 건지 여쭤봐도 될까요? / 제가 말씀드리는 건 ~라는 의미입니다.
Section D — Sample response
Check that: at least one floor-claim, one agreement or partial-agreement stance, one reservation or disagreement stance, and one clarification exchange are present, the moderator opens and closes appropriately, and all speakers remain in consistent formal register.
Looking Ahead
지금 할 수 있는 것 — What you can do now
You can claim and yield the floor in a formal spoken discussion, mark your own stance clearly across a range from strong agreement to reservation or disagreement, ask for and provide clarification when meaning is unclear, and participate in a short formal interview or discussion while maintaining consistent register.