공식 발표와 질의응답Formal Presentation and Questions
Chapter Objectives
By the end of this chapter, you will be able to:
- Open and close a short formal presentation using conventional framing expressions such as 발표를 시작하겠습니다 and 이상으로 발표를 마치겠습니다.
- Signal the internal structure of a spoken presentation aloud, guiding listeners through an overview, body, and conclusion with expressions such as 오늘 발표에서는 ~에 대해 말씀드리겠습니다 and 지금까지 말씀드린 내용을 정리하면.
- Deliver the written argument paragraph from Chapter 12 as a spoken presentation, converting nominal written style into natural formal spoken style.
- Invite, understand, and respond to audience questions using formal question-and-answer expressions such as 질문 있으십니까?, 좋은 질문 감사합니다, and 다시 한번 설명드리겠습니다.
- Manage a moment of uncertainty during Q&A gracefully, using face-saving formal expressions rather than falling into casual speech or silence.
- Listen to a short formal presentation and its follow-up Q&A, and identify the presenter's structure, the questions asked, and how the presenter responded.
This chapter continues Unit III, 연구와 고급 글쓰기 (Research and Advanced Writing). It builds directly on Chapter 12's argument-paragraph structure and nominal style, converting a piece of formal writing into a prepared spoken presentation and adding the language needed to handle a live question-and-answer exchange.
Opening Scenario
수아는 지난 시간에 완성한 논증 단락을 이번 주 세미나에서 5분간 발표해야 한다. 박 교수님은 발표가 단순히 쓴 글을 그대로 읽는 것이 아니라, 청중을 향해 구조를 안내하며 말로 전달하는 별도의 기술이라고 설명한다. 발표가 끝나면 학생들과 교수님이 질문을 할 것이고, 수아는 그 질문에 침착하고 격식 있게 답해야 한다. 수아는 이미 논지와 근거, 반론과 재반박을 갖추고 있지만, 이제 그것을 소리 내어 발표하고 예상치 못한 질문에 대응하는 언어가 필요하다.
- You will learn vocabulary and sentence patterns for opening, structuring, and closing a formal presentation.
- You will learn expressions for inviting, handling, and responding to audience questions.
- You will listen to a short presentation and its Q&A session.
- You will read a presentation outline and identify its structural signposting.
- You will convert your Chapter 12 argument paragraph into a spoken presentation and perform it with a simulated Q&A.
Core Vocabulary
This chapter's productive vocabulary centers on presentation structure, delivery, and question-and-answer management. Predicates are listed with dictionary form and chapter-appropriate usable form.
| Korean | Category | Meaning | Register / Collocation |
|---|---|---|---|
| 발표 | noun | presentation | 발표를 하다, 발표를 준비하다 |
| 발표자 | noun | presenter | 오늘의 발표자 |
| 청중 | noun | audience | 청중 앞에서 |
| 발표를 시작하다 | action verb phrase; usable form 시작하겠습니다 | to begin a presentation | formal opening frame |
| 발표를 마치다 | action verb phrase; usable form 마치겠습니다 | to conclude a presentation | formal closing frame |
| 말씀드리다 | humble action verb; usable form 말씀드리겠습니다 | to tell/say (humble, toward audience) | formal presentation speech |
| 개요 | noun | overview; outline | 개요를 말씀드리다 |
| 순서 | noun | order; agenda | 발표 순서 |
| 항목 | noun | item; point (in a list) | 세 가지 항목 |
| 먼저 | discourse marker | first (of all) | 발표 순서 표지 |
| 다음으로 | discourse marker | next | 발표 순서 표지 |
| 이어서 | discourse marker | following that; continuing on | 발표 순서 표지 |
| 정리하다 | action verb; usable form 정리하면/정리하겠습니다 | to summarize; to wrap up | 내용을 정리하다 |
| 화면 | noun | screen; slide | 화면을 보시면 |
| 보시다 | honorific action verb | to look/see (honorific) | 화면을 보시면 |
| 자료를 참고하다 | action verb phrase | to refer to a source/material | recycled reference to Ch. 11–12 materials |
| 질문 | noun | question | 질문이 있으시다, 질문을 받다 |
| 질문을 받다 | action verb phrase | to take/receive questions | 발표자가 질문을 받다 |
| 질의응답 | noun | question-and-answer (session) | 질의응답 시간 |
| 답변하다 | action verb; usable form 답변해요/답변드리겠습니다 | to answer; to respond | 질문에 답변하다 |
| 답변드리다 | humble action verb | to give an answer (humble, toward audience) | formal Q&A response |
| 좋은 질문 | noun phrase | good question | 좋은 질문 감사합니다 |
| 다시 한번 | adverbial phrase | once again; one more time | 다시 한번 설명드리겠습니다 |
| 설명드리다 | humble action verb | to explain (humble) | 다시 설명드리다 |
| 보충하다 | action verb | to supplement; to add (information) | 내용을 보충하다 |
| 말씀하신 대로 | discourse marker phrase | as you have said | Q&A acknowledgment |
| 지적하다 | action verb | to point out | 문제점을 지적하다 |
| 추가로 | adverb | additionally | 추가로 말씀드리면 |
| 확인해 보다 | action verb phrase | to check and confirm | 정확한 수치는 확인해 보겠습니다 |
| 사후에 | adverb | afterward; after the fact | 사후에 답변드리겠습니다 |
| 시간 관계상 | discourse marker phrase | due to time constraints | formal time-management phrase |
| 발표 자료 | noun phrase | presentation materials/handout | 발표 자료를 나눠 드리다 |
| 시청각 자료 | noun phrase | audiovisual material | presentation-support term |
| 경청하다 | action verb | to listen attentively | formal; audience politeness |
| 시간을 내다 | action verb phrase | to make time (for something) | 시간을 내 주셔서 감사합니다 |
| 양해를 구하다 | action verb phrase | to ask for understanding/pardon | formal apology/request frame |
| 발표 태도 | noun phrase | presentation manner/demeanor | analytical term |
| 시선 처리 | noun phrase | eye contact; gaze management | delivery term |
| 속도 조절 | noun phrase | pace control | delivery term |
| 강조하다 | action verb | to emphasize | 이 점을 강조하다 |
| 핵심 | noun | core point; key point | 핵심을 말씀드리면 |
| 이상입니다 | formulaic closing phrase | that is all; this concludes (my point/presentation) | formal closing marker |
| 경청해 주셔서 감사합니다 | formulaic closing phrase | thank you for listening attentively | formal closing |
Approximately 40 productive items are introduced or newly activated in this chapter, within the 45–75 range for Volume IV when combined with recycled Chapter 11–12 material used productively throughout. Items marked "recycled" build directly on vocabulary already made productive in Chapters 11 and 12.
Receptive / Specialized Vocabulary
The following items may appear receptively, glossed in context, but are not assessed productively in this chapter: 토론자, 사회자, 발제, 좌장. These belong to a larger specialized conference and panel-discussion register that later chapters and Volume V will develop further.
Pronunciation Focus
Formal presentation speech uses a slower, more evenly paced rhythm than conversation, with clear pauses at the end of major structural units such as 먼저, 다음으로, and 이어서. Practice placing a brief pause after each of these markers so listeners can track the presentation's structure by ear.
Formulaic closing phrases such as 이상입니다 and 경청해 주셔서 감사합니다 should be produced with falling, settled intonation rather than the rising, softening intonation used in casual requests. A flat, confident fall signals that a section or the whole presentation has genuinely ended.
Grammar and Sentence Patterns
This chapter introduces two major new productive systems: (1) presentation-framing language for opening, structuring, and closing prepared formal speech, and (2) question-and-answer management language for inviting, acknowledging, and responding to audience questions. Both convert the nominal written argument style from Chapter 11–12 into natural spoken delivery.
1. New — Opening, Structuring, and Closing a Presentation
A formal Korean presentation typically opens with a self-introduction and topic announcement, previews its structure, signals movement between points aloud, and closes with a clear formulaic ending rather than trailing off.
- 지금부터 발표를 시작하겠습니다.I will now begin the presentation.발표를 시작하다 → 시작하겠습니다 (formal intention ending)
- 오늘 발표에서는 야간 공사 소음에 대한 주민들의 우려가 타당한지 말씀드리겠습니다.In today's presentation, I will discuss whether residents' concerns about nighttime construction noise are valid.오늘 발표에서는 ~에 대해 말씀드리겠습니다 = topic-announcement pattern
- 먼저 조사 결과를 말씀드리고, 다음으로 반론을 살펴본 후, 마지막으로 결론을 정리하겠습니다.First I will present the survey results, next I will look at a counterargument, and finally I will summarize the conclusion.먼저/다음으로/마지막으로 = spoken structural preview, recycling 첫째/둘째/마지막으로 from Ch. 12 in spoken form
- 지금까지 말씀드린 내용을 정리하면, 이 자료는 주민들의 우려를 뒷받침하는 근거로 타당하다고 볼 수 있습니다.To summarize what I have said so far, this material can be considered valid grounds supporting residents' concerns.지금까지 말씀드린 내용을 정리하면 = spoken summary transition
- 이상으로 발표를 마치겠습니다. 경청해 주셔서 감사합니다.This concludes my presentation. Thank you for listening attentively.이상으로 ~를 마치겠습니다 + 경청해 주셔서 감사합니다 = formal closing pair
Do not simply read the Chapter 12 written paragraph aloud unchanged. Convert nominal written connectors such as 첫째, 둘째 into spoken structural markers such as 먼저, 다음으로 where natural, and add explicit framing at the opening and closing that a written paragraph does not need.
2. New — Inviting and Managing Questions
After a presentation, the presenter formally invites questions, acknowledges each question politely before answering, and has ready expressions for handling a question they cannot fully answer on the spot.
- 지금부터 질문을 받겠습니다. 질문 있으십니까?I will now take questions. Do you have any questions?질문을 받다 + honorific 있으십니까 = formal invitation to ask
- 좋은 질문 감사합니다. 말씀하신 대로 표본 수는 제한적이었습니다.Thank you for the good question. As you said, the sample size was indeed limited.좋은 질문 감사합니다 + 말씀하신 대로 = acknowledgment before responding
- 그 부분은 제가 다시 한번 설명드리겠습니다.Let me explain that part once again.다시 한번 설명드리다 = repeating/clarifying an explanation
- 정확한 수치는 지금 확인이 어려워, 사후에 이메일로 답변드리겠습니다.The exact figure is difficult to confirm right now, so I will respond by email afterward.face-saving strategy for a question the presenter cannot answer immediately
- 시간 관계상 마지막 질문 하나만 더 받겠습니다.Due to time constraints, I will take just one more question.시간 관계상 = formal time-management framing
Do not answer a difficult question with silence or an unmarked change of subject. Korean formal Q&A favors an explicit face-saving move — acknowledging the gap, promising follow-up, or asking for clarification — over improvising an unsupported answer.
3. Review — Spoken Delivery of Written Argument Structure
Recycle Chapter 12's thesis-support-counterargument-conclusion structure, but deliver it with this chapter's spoken framing rather than reading the written paragraph verbatim.
- 먼저 이 발표의 목적을 말씀드리겠습니다. 야간 공사 소음에 대한 주민들의 우려가 타당한지 검토하는 것이 오늘 발표의 목적입니다.First, I will state the purpose of this presentation. Today's purpose is to examine whether residents' concerns about nighttime construction noise are valid.spoken restatement of Ch. 12's written thesis sentence 이 글의 목적은 ~는 데 있다
[발표를 시작하겠습니다] + [오늘 발표에서는 ~ 말씀드리겠습니다] + [먼저/다음으로/마지막으로 + 본론] + [지금까지 말씀드린 내용을 정리하면] + [이상으로 발표를 마치겠습니다] + [질문 있으십니까?] + [좋은 질문 감사합니다 + 답변]
개요 제시 = giving an overview; 본론 전개 = developing the body; 정리 = summarizing; 마무리 = closing; 질의응답 = Q&A management
지금부터 발표를 시작하겠습니다. 오늘 발표에서는 야간 공사 소음에 대한 주민들의 우려가 타당한지 말씀드리겠습니다. 먼저 조사 결과를 살펴보고, 다음으로 반론을 검토한 후, 마지막으로 결론을 말씀드리겠습니다. 지금까지 말씀드린 내용을 정리하면, 이 자료는 주민들의 우려가 타당하다는 주장을 뒷받침합니다. 이상으로 발표를 마치겠습니다. 경청해 주셔서 감사합니다. 지금부터 질문을 받겠습니다.
I will now begin the presentation. In today's presentation, I will discuss whether residents' concerns about nighttime construction noise are valid. First I will look at the survey results, next I will examine a counterargument, and finally I will state the conclusion. To summarize what I have said so far, this material supports the claim that residents' concerns are valid. This concludes my presentation. Thank you for listening attentively. I will now take questions.
Practice — Framing a Spoken Presentation
- Write an opening sentence using 지금부터 발표를 시작하겠습니다 and a topic-announcement sentence with 오늘 발표에서는 ~ 말씀드리겠습니다.
- Convert your Chapter 12 argument paragraph's three main points into spoken form using 먼저, 다음으로, and 마지막으로.
- Write a summary sentence using 지금까지 말씀드린 내용을 정리하면 and a closing pair using 이상으로 ~ 마치겠습니다 and 경청해 주셔서 감사합니다.
- Write one question-invitation sentence and one sample answer that acknowledges the question before responding.
Model Dialogue
세미나 시간, 수아가 발표를 마친 후 질의응답을 진행하는 장면 (교육용 예시)
Guided Practice
- Read the model dialogue again and underline every expression used to open, structure, or close the presentation, and every expression used to manage a question.
- Using your Chapter 12 argument paragraph, write a spoken opening and topic announcement.
- Convert your two Chapter 12 supporting points into spoken form with 먼저 and 다음으로.
- Write a spoken summary and closing pair.
- With a partner, take turns asking one question about the other's paragraph and responding using the acknowledgment-then-answer pattern.
Listening Practice
Ask your instructor, a language partner, or a text-to-speech tool to read the following short presentation opening and Q&A exchange aloud at a measured, formal pace, using multiple voices if possible. Listen twice without reading, then complete the tasks below.
마이클의 발표와 질의응답 장면 (교육용 예시)
듣기 과제 — Listening task: Listen and answer in English.
| 질문 | 답 |
|---|---|
| What is the topic of 마이클's presentation? | ______ |
| What three-part structure does 마이클 preview at the opening? | ______ |
| What question does a student ask after the presentation? | ______ |
| How does 마이클 acknowledge the question before answering it? | ______ |
Reading Practice
Read the following short presentation outline, then answer the questions that follow. This is a general-purpose instructional text, not an authentic published source.
발표 개요: 야간 공사 소음과 주민 우려 (교육용 예시)
지금부터 발표를 시작하겠습니다. 오늘 발표에서는 야간 공사 소음에 대한 주민들의 우려가 타당한지 말씀드리겠습니다. 먼저 한 지역 연구소의 조사 결과를 말씀드리겠습니다. 조사에 따르면 응답자의 약 60퍼센트가 소음에 대해 우려를 표한 것으로 나타났습니다. 다음으로 이 조사에 대한 반론을 살펴보겠습니다. 일부에서는 표본 수가 제한적이어서 전체 주민의 의견을 대표하지 못한다는 반론을 제기할 수 있습니다. 그러나 조사 대상이 무작위로 선정되었다는 점을 고려하면 이러한 한계가 결론을 크게 약화시키지는 않습니다. 마지막으로 결론을 말씀드리겠습니다. 지금까지 말씀드린 내용을 정리하면, 이 자료는 주민들의 우려가 타당한 근거를 가진다는 주장을 뒷받침합니다. 이상으로 발표를 마치겠습니다. 경청해 주셔서 감사합니다. 지금부터 질문을 받겠습니다.
내용 이해 — Comprehension questions:
- Identify the opening sentence and the topic-announcement sentence, and restate the presentation's purpose in English.
- What three-part structure does the presenter preview, and which spoken discourse markers introduce each part?
- Identify the counterargument sentence and the sentence that responds to it.
- Identify the summary sentence and the closing pair that ends the presentation.
- Compare this spoken outline with the Chapter 12 written paragraph on the same topic. What changed in the framing language, and what stayed the same in the argument content?
- If you were the presenter, what question would you expect an audience member to ask, and how would you begin your answer?
Writing Workshop
Write a complete spoken presentation script (10–15 sentences) based on your Chapter 12 argument paragraph, or a paragraph connected to your own guided-practice topic. Your script must include an opening, a topic announcement, a structured body with spoken discourse markers, a summary, a closing pair, and at least two sample Q&A exchanges (one question with an acknowledgment-then-answer response, and one question you cannot fully answer on the spot).
[오늘 발표에서는 ~에 대해 말씀드리겠습니다.]
[먼저 + 근거 1]
[다음으로 + 반론과 재반박]
[마지막으로 + 결론]
[지금까지 말씀드린 내용을 정리하면 ~]
[이상으로 발표를 마치겠습니다. 경청해 주셔서 감사합니다.]
[질문 있으십니까?] → [좋은 질문 감사합니다. + 답변] / [사후에 답변드리겠습니다.]
[In today's presentation, I will discuss ~]
[First, + evidence 1]
[Next, + counterargument and rebuttal]
[Finally, + conclusion]
[To summarize what I have said so far ~]
[This concludes my presentation. Thank you for listening attentively.]
[Do you have any questions?] → [Thank you for the good question. + answer] / [I will respond afterward.]
- 여는 말과 주제 안내. Open with 지금부터 발표를 시작하겠습니다 and announce your topic with 오늘 발표에서는 ~ 말씀드리겠습니다.
- 본론 구성. Present your Chapter 12 argument content using 먼저, 다음으로, and 마지막으로, keeping the thesis, support, counterargument, and conclusion.
- 정리와 마무리. Summarize with 지금까지 말씀드린 내용을 정리하면 and close with 이상으로 ~ 마치겠습니다 and 경청해 주셔서 감사합니다.
- 질의응답 준비. Write one question you expect and a full acknowledgment-then-answer response, plus one harder question and a face-saving response promising follow-up.
체크리스트 — Checklist:
- The script opens with a clear formal opening and topic announcement.
- The body is organized with spoken discourse markers (먼저/다음으로/마지막으로), not left as unmarked written connectors.
- The thesis, support, counterargument, and conclusion from Chapter 12 are all preserved.
- The script includes a clear summary transition before the close.
- The script ends with a formulaic closing pair, not an abrupt stop.
- At least two Q&A exchanges are included, one of them a face-saving response to a difficult question.
- Formal register and honorific verb forms (말씀드리다, 답변드리다, 보시다) are used consistently.
- Spacing, particles, and Hangeul spelling are accurate, with no romanization.
Speaking Practice
통제 연습 — Controlled practice: 발표 틀 말하기
Practice saying your opening, topic announcement, structural preview, summary, and closing pair aloud in order, keeping the discourse markers and formal endings clear and evenly paced.
의사소통 과제 — Communicative task: 발표와 질의응답
Deliver your full presentation script to a partner or small group. After finishing, invite questions with 질문 있으십니까? and respond to at least two questions using the acknowledgment-then-answer pattern, including at least one face-saving response.
혼자 하는 연습 — Solo alternative
Record yourself delivering the full presentation script aloud, including a self-generated question and a self-generated answer, pausing to name each structural part (opening, body, summary, closing, Q&A) as you reach it.
Culture and Communication
Formal Korean presentations in academic and institutional settings commonly use honorific and humble verb forms such as 말씀드리다 and 답변드리다 to show respect toward the audience, alongside a consistent deferential or formal-polite speech level throughout the talk, even when the presenter and audience are otherwise on familiar terms outside the presentation setting.
When a presenter cannot fully answer a question, it is common and appropriate to acknowledge this directly and offer a concrete follow-up, such as 사후에 답변드리겠습니다, rather than guessing aloud or deflecting the question without comment. This is generally viewed as more professional than an unsupported answer, though exact expectations vary by discipline, institution, and setting.
This chapter teaches the Korean language needed to deliver a short, well-organized presentation and manage a basic Q&A exchange at a general level. It does not replace specialized training in conference presentation skills, discipline-specific defense or panel formats, or professional public-speaking coaching, and learners preparing a high-stakes presentation should seek guidance specific to that setting.
Common Mistakes to Avoid
Error: Delivering the Chapter 12 written paragraph exactly as written, including its nominal written connectors 첫째 and 둘째, with no opening, closing, or spoken framing.
Correction: Add a spoken opening and closing, and convert written connectors into spoken structural markers such as 먼저, 다음으로, and 마지막으로, so the presentation sounds delivered rather than read.
Error: Finishing the last content sentence and stopping, leaving the audience unsure whether the presentation has ended.
Correction: Always close with a formulaic pair such as 이상으로 발표를 마치겠습니다 followed by 경청해 주셔서 감사합니다, so the ending is unambiguous.
Error: Inventing an unsupported answer to a question the presenter cannot actually address, rather than acknowledging the gap.
Correction: Use an explicit face-saving expression such as 정확한 수치는 지금 확인이 어려워, 사후에 답변드리겠습니다, which is more professional than an invented or unsupported answer.
Chapter Review
Section A — 어휘 복습 (Vocabulary Review)
1. Sort the following items into "opening/closing," "structuring," and "Q&A" groups: 이상입니다, 먼저, 질문을 받다, 다음으로, 좋은 질문 감사합니다, 경청해 주셔서 감사합니다.
Section B — 문법 복습 (Grammar Review)
1. Write an opening sentence and a topic-announcement sentence for a presentation.
2. Write three structural preview sentences using 먼저, 다음으로, and 마지막으로.
3. Write one question-and-answer exchange that includes an acknowledgment before the answer.
Section C — 독해 이해 (Reading Comprehension)
1. Summarize the reading passage's presentation outline in four or five English sentences, identifying its opening, structure, and closing.
Section D — 쓰기 (Writing)
1. Complete the presentation script, following the steps and checklist in the Writing Workshop above.
Section E — 말하기 (Speaking)
1. Deliver your presentation and Q&A with a partner or small group, as described in the Speaking Practice above.
누적 복습 — Cumulative review
This chapter recycles the argument structure, nominal thesis pattern, citation language, and formal register control from Chapters 11 and 12, while introducing presentation-framing language and question-and-answer management as new productive systems.
Practical Performance Task
수행 과제 — Chapter 13 Performance Task
발표 준비와 질의응답 진행 — Preparing and Delivering a Formal Presentation with Q&A
You will read a presentation outline, listen to a presentation and Q&A exchange, write a complete presentation script based on your Chapter 12 argument paragraph, and deliver it aloud, taking and responding to at least two audience questions.
- Reading: Read the passage and answer the comprehension questions.
- Listening: Listen to the presentation and Q&A and answer the listening task questions.
- Writing: Write a complete presentation script following the Writing Workshop model and checklist.
- Speaking: Deliver the presentation aloud, invite questions, and respond to at least two questions, including one face-saving response.
| Criterion | What is evaluated |
|---|---|
| Reading and listening comprehension | Presentation structure, questions, and responses are correctly identified in both source materials |
| Presentation framing (new) | A clear opening, structural preview, summary, and closing pair are all present and correctly signaled |
| Q&A management (new) | Questions are acknowledged before being answered, and at least one face-saving response is used appropriately |
| Argument-content integration | Chapter 12's thesis, support, counterargument, and conclusion are preserved and adapted for spoken delivery |
| Register consistency | Formal/honorific register (말씀드리다, 답변드리다, 보시다) is maintained throughout speaking and writing |
| Cumulative integration | Chapter 11–12 citation, paraphrase, and argument-structure language is correctly recycled alongside the new systems |
| Hangeul and spacing accuracy | Accurate spelling and level-appropriate spacing throughout, no romanization |
| Scope discipline | No structures used productively beyond Volume IV, Chapters 1–13 |
Answer Key
Reading comprehension
- The opening sentence is 지금부터 발표를 시작하겠습니다, and the topic-announcement sentence is 오늘 발표에서는 야간 공사 소음에 대한 주민들의 우려가 타당한지 말씀드리겠습니다, stating that the purpose is to examine whether residents' concerns about nighttime construction noise are valid.
- The presenter previews a three-part structure introduced with 먼저 (survey results), 다음으로 (a counterargument), and 마지막으로 (the conclusion).
- The counterargument sentence begins with the phrase about some raising an objection about limited sample size (일부에서는 표본 수가 제한적이어서 ...); the response sentence begins with 그러나 and notes that random sampling limits the impact of this weakness.
- The summary sentence begins with 지금까지 말씀드린 내용을 정리하면, and the closing pair is 이상으로 발표를 마치겠습니다 followed by 경청해 주셔서 감사합니다.
- Sample comparison: the argument content (thesis, two supporting points, counterargument, conclusion) is the same as in Chapter 12, but the written connectors 첫째/둘째 have been replaced with spoken structural markers 먼저/다음으로/마지막으로, and explicit opening and closing framing has been added that the written paragraph did not need.
- Sample response: a likely audience question would ask about the sample size or research method, and the presenter might begin the answer with 좋은 질문 감사합니다 before addressing the specific point raised.
Listening comprehension
- 마이클's presentation topic is the reliability of the material he researched.
- He previews a three-part structure: first the source of the material, next the research method, and finally the limitations.
- A student asks how the sample mentioned in the research method was selected.
- 마이클 acknowledges the question with 좋은 질문 감사합니다 before explaining that the sample was randomly selected and that details are in the presentation materials.
Chapter Review — Section B
1. Sample response: 지금부터 발표를 시작하겠습니다. 오늘 발표에서는 최신 자료를 통해 이 문제를 검토한 결과를 말씀드리겠습니다.
2. Sample response: 먼저 조사 결과를 말씀드리겠습니다. 다음으로 반론을 살펴보겠습니다. 마지막으로 결론을 정리하겠습니다.
3. Sample response: 좋은 질문 감사합니다. 말씀하신 대로 표본 수는 제한적이었지만, 무작위 선정을 통해 이러한 한계를 어느 정도 보완했습니다.
Section D — Sample response
Check that: the script opens with a formal opening and topic announcement, the body uses spoken structural markers rather than written connectors, the Chapter 12 argument content is preserved, a summary transition appears before the close, the script ends with a formulaic closing pair, and at least two Q&A exchanges are included with one face-saving response.
Looking Ahead
지금 할 수 있는 것 — What you can do now
You can open, structure, and close a formal spoken presentation, convert written nominal-style argument content into natural spoken delivery, invite and acknowledge audience questions, and manage a question you cannot fully answer using a face-saving formal response.