청중에 맞게 전달하기Mediation for Different Audiences
Chapter Objectives
By the end of this chapter, you will be able to:
- Identify how audience, purpose, and setting change what content to include, what to leave out, and how formally to express it, using expressions such as 청중에 따라 다르게 전달하다 and 쉽게 풀어서 설명하다.
- Convert the same underlying content — your Chapter 12–13 argument on nighttime construction noise — into two different deliveries: one for a general, non-specialist audience and one for a formal, expert audience such as a professor or institutional reviewer.
- Simplify specialized or academic content for a general audience using expressions such as 쉽게 말하면, 일반적으로 말해서, and 한마디로, without distorting the underlying facts.
- Raise the formality and precision of content for a specialized or institutional audience using expressions such as 보다 구체적으로 말씀드리면 and 전문적인 용어로는.
- Summarize a longer text or presentation for a listener who was not present, using mediation expressions such as 요약해서 말씀드리면 and 간단히 전달하자면.
- Listen to two deliveries of the same content aimed at different audiences and identify what changed and what stayed the same.
This chapter continues Unit III, 연구와 고급 글쓰기 (Research and Advanced Writing), and directly follows Chapter 13's presentation and Q&A skills. It does not introduce a new topic; it teaches how to adapt the same content — thesis, evidence, counterargument, and conclusion — for different listeners and readers.
Opening Scenario
수아는 지난 세미나에서 발표한 논증을 이제 두 가지 다른 청중에게 다시 전달해야 한다. 하나는 아파트 주민 모임으로, 전문 용어 없이 쉽고 친근하게 설명해야 한다. 다른 하나는 구청 소음 민원 담당 부서로, 조사 방법과 통계를 정확하고 격식 있게 제시해야 한다. 박 교수님은 내용 자체는 같지만, 청중에 따라 무엇을 강조하고 무엇을 생략할지, 그리고 얼마나 격식을 갖출지가 달라져야 한다고 설명한다. 수아는 또한 이 발표에 참석하지 못한 친구 마이클에게 전체 내용을 짧게 요약해서 전달해야 한다.
- You will learn vocabulary and sentence patterns for adapting content to different audiences.
- You will learn expressions for simplifying content for a general audience and formalizing content for a specialized audience.
- You will learn mediation expressions for summarizing information for someone who was not present.
- You will listen to two versions of the same content delivered to different audiences.
- You will read a general-audience version and a specialized-audience version of the same content side by side.
- You will adapt your own Chapter 12–13 content for two different audiences and mediate it in summary for a third.
Core Vocabulary
This chapter's productive vocabulary centers on audience adaptation, simplification, formalization, and summary/mediation. Predicates are listed with dictionary form and chapter-appropriate usable form.
| Korean | Category | Meaning | Register / Collocation |
|---|---|---|---|
| 청중 | noun | audience (recycled from Ch. 13) | 청중에 따라 |
| 독자 | noun | reader | 독자를 고려하다 |
| 전달하다 | action verb; usable form 전달해요/전달하겠습니다 | to convey; to deliver (information) | 내용을 전달하다 |
| 맞게 | adverbial form of 맞다 | to fit; in a way suited to | 청중에 맞게, 상황에 맞게 |
| 일반 청중 | noun phrase | general/lay audience | 일반 청중을 대상으로 |
| 전문 청중 | noun phrase | specialized/expert audience | 전문 청중 앞에서 |
| 담당 부서 | noun phrase | responsible department | institutional recipient term |
| 쉽게 풀어서 설명하다 | action verb phrase | to explain by breaking it down simply | simplification frame |
| 쉽게 말하면 | discourse marker phrase | put simply; in simple terms | simplification transition |
| 일반적으로 말해서 | discourse marker phrase | generally speaking | simplification/generalization transition |
| 한마디로 | discourse marker phrase | in a word; in short | compressed summary transition |
| 전문 용어 | noun phrase | technical/specialized term | 전문 용어를 피하다, 전문 용어로는 |
| 풀어 쓰다 | action verb phrase | to write/say in plain, unpacked form | 전문 용어를 풀어 쓰다 |
| 예를 들면 | discourse marker phrase | for example | recycled; simplification support |
| 와닿다 | descriptive verb; usable form 와닿아요 | to feel relatable/resonant | 일반 청중에게 와닿다 |
| 구체적으로 말씀드리면 | discourse marker phrase | to put it more specifically | formalization transition |
| 전문적인 용어로는 | discourse marker phrase | in specialized/technical terms | formalization transition |
| 정확한 수치 | noun phrase | precise figure/statistic | recycled from Ch. 13 |
| 근거 자료 | noun phrase | supporting data/material | 근거 자료를 제시하다 |
| 조사 방법 | noun phrase | research method | recycled from Ch. 13 |
| 공식적으로 | adverb | officially; formally | 공식적으로 제출하다 |
| 민원 | noun | civil petition/complaint (to an institution) | 소음 민원 |
| 제출하다 | action verb | to submit | 보고서를 제출하다 |
| 요약하다 | action verb; usable form 요약해요/요약하겠습니다 | to summarize | 내용을 요약하다 |
| 요약해서 말씀드리면 | discourse marker phrase | to summarize what I've said | mediation/summary transition |
| 간단히 전달하자면 | discourse marker phrase | to convey it briefly | mediation/summary transition |
| 핵심만 말하면 | discourse marker phrase | if I say just the core point | compressed mediation transition |
| 전하다 | action verb; usable form 전해요/전했어요 | to pass along (a message) | 친구에게 소식을 전하다 |
| 중개하다 | action verb | to mediate; to relay between parties | analytical term |
| 생략하다 | action verb | to omit | 세부 사항을 생략하다 |
| 강조점 | noun | point of emphasis | 청중에 따라 강조점이 다르다 |
| 세부 사항 | noun phrase | detailed information | 세부 사항은 생략하다 |
| 배경지식 | noun | background knowledge | 청중의 배경지식을 고려하다 |
| 고려하다 | action verb | to take into consideration | 독자를 고려하다 |
| 눈높이 | noun | level of understanding (lit. eye level) | 청중의 눈높이에 맞추다 |
| 맞추다 | action verb | to adjust/align (to) | 눈높이에 맞추다, 격식에 맞추다 |
| 격식을 갖추다 | action verb phrase | to observe formality | 공식 문서에 격식을 갖추다 |
| 문어체 | noun | written style | recycled Ch. 12 concept |
| 구어체 | noun | spoken style | recycled Ch. 13 concept |
Approximately 36 productive items are newly introduced or newly activated in this chapter, within the 45–75 range for Volume IV when combined with recycled Chapter 11–13 material used productively throughout. Items marked "recycled" build directly on vocabulary already made productive in earlier chapters.
Receptive / Specialized Vocabulary
The following items may appear receptively, glossed in context, but are not assessed productively in this chapter: 청자 분석, 눈높이 교육, 대중화하다. These belong to a larger specialized communication-studies register that Volume V will develop further.
Pronunciation Focus
When moving from a formal, institutional delivery to a simplified, friendly explanation for a general audience, Korean speakers often shift not only vocabulary but also pitch range and pacing. A simplified explanation for neighbors or friends typically uses a warmer, more varied intonation with shorter pauses, while a formal delivery to an institutional audience keeps the flatter, more even rhythm introduced in Chapter 13.
Practice saying the same sentence twice: once with the flat, settled intonation used for 전문적인 용어로는 and once with the warmer, more conversational intonation used for 쉽게 말하면. Listeners should be able to tell which audience you are addressing from your delivery alone, even before the content itself changes.
Grammar and Sentence Patterns
This chapter introduces two major new productive systems: (1) simplification and formalization language for adapting the same content to different audiences, and (2) summary/mediation language for relaying information to someone who was not present. Both recycle the argument content and presentation framing from Chapters 12–13 rather than introducing new subject matter.
1. New — Simplifying for a General Audience
When addressing a general or non-specialist audience, replace technical terms and dense statistics with everyday vocabulary, concrete examples, and shorter sentences, while keeping the underlying claim accurate.
- 쉽게 말하면, 밤에 공사 소리 때문에 잠을 못 자는 주민이 많다는 뜻입니다.Put simply, this means that many residents cannot sleep because of construction noise at night.쉽게 말하면 = simplification transition, restating a formal claim in plain terms
- 일반적으로 말해서, 응답자 열 명 중 여섯 명이 소음 문제를 지적했습니다.Generally speaking, six out of ten respondents pointed to the noise problem.일반적으로 말해서 + rounded, everyday number (열 명 중 여섯 명) replacing 약 60퍼센트
- 전문 용어를 빼고 말씀드리면, 조사 대상 수가 적어서 결과를 조심스럽게 봐야 한다는 지적이 있었습니다.Leaving out technical terms, there was a point raised that, because the number of survey subjects was small, the results should be viewed cautiously.전문 용어를 빼고 말씀드리면 = explicit simplification frame
- 한마디로, 주민들의 걱정은 근거가 있다고 볼 수 있습니다.In a word, residents' concerns can be seen as having grounds.한마디로 = compressed one-line summary for a general audience
Do not simply speak more slowly and use the same technical vocabulary. Genuine simplification replaces specialized terms and precise statistics with everyday equivalents and concrete, relatable examples.
2. New — Formalizing for a Specialized or Institutional Audience
When addressing a specialized or institutional audience, restore precise figures, name the research method explicitly, and use formal discourse markers that raise the register above ordinary spoken delivery.
- 보다 구체적으로 말씀드리면, 본 조사는 무작위 표본추출을 통해 응답자 100명을 대상으로 실시되었습니다.To put it more specifically, this survey was conducted with 100 respondents selected through random sampling.보다 구체적으로 말씀드리면 = formalization transition, restoring method and exact figure
- 전문적인 용어로는 이를 소음 민감도라고 합니다.In specialized/technical terms, this is called noise sensitivity.전문적인 용어로는 = introducing a technical term for a specialized audience
- 본 민원과 관련하여, 응답자의 60퍼센트가 야간 소음에 대한 우려를 표명하였습니다.Regarding this petition, 60 percent of respondents expressed concern about nighttime noise.공식 문어체 표현 (본 민원과 관련하여, 표명하였습니다) = formal institutional register recycled from Ch. 11–12
- 담당 부서에 공식적으로 제출할 자료에는 조사 방법과 표본 수의 한계를 명확히 밝혀야 합니다.In the material to be officially submitted to the responsible department, the research method and the limitation of the sample size must be clearly stated.공식적으로 제출하다 + 명확히 밝히다 = institutional documentation frame
Do not formalize only by adding -습니다 endings. Genuine formalization also restores precise figures, names the method, and uses institution-appropriate vocabulary that a general-audience version would have simplified away.
3. New — Mediating a Summary for Someone Who Was Not Present
When relaying information to someone who did not hear the original presentation, compress the content into a short summary, using reported-speech patterns already active from earlier volumes together with this chapter's summary markers.
- 요약해서 말씀드리면, 수아는 야간 공사 소음에 대한 주민들의 우려가 근거가 있다고 주장했어.To summarize, Sua argued that residents' concerns about nighttime construction noise have grounds.요약해서 말씀드리면 + 주장했다 (recycled reported speech) = mediated summary for an absent listener
- 간단히 전달하자면, 조사에서는 응답자의 60퍼센트가 걱정했지만, 표본 수가 적다는 반론도 있었대.To convey it briefly, 60 percent of respondents were worried in the survey, but there was also a counterargument that the sample size was small.간단히 전달하자면 + -대 (recycled quotative ending) = casual mediation between peers
- 핵심만 말하면, 소음 문제는 진짜 문제이고, 조사 방법에도 큰 결함은 없다는 결론이었어.If I just say the core point, the conclusion was that the noise problem is real and there is no major flaw in the research method.핵심만 말하면 = compressed mediation to a peer
Do not mediate a summary by repeating every sentence from the original presentation in order. A mediated summary compresses the thesis, the strongest supporting point, and the conclusion, and may adjust speech level depending on who is receiving the summary.
[일반 청중: 쉽게 말하면 / 일반적으로 말해서 / 한마디로] · [전문 청중: 보다 구체적으로 말씀드리면 / 전문적인 용어로는] · [부재중인 사람에게: 요약해서 말씀드리면 / 간단히 전달하자면 / 핵심만 말하면]
청중 분석 = analyzing the audience; 강조점 선택 = choosing what to emphasize; 생략 판단 = deciding what to omit; 격식 조정 = adjusting formality
일반 청중: 쉽게 말하면, 밤에 공사 소리 때문에 잠을 못 자는 주민이 많다는 뜻입니다. 전문 청중: 보다 구체적으로 말씀드리면, 본 조사는 무작위 표본추출을 통해 응답자 100명을 대상으로 실시되었습니다. 부재중인 친구에게: 요약해서 말씀드리면, 수아는 주민들의 우려가 근거가 있다고 주장했어.
General audience: Put simply, this means many residents cannot sleep because of construction noise at night. Specialized audience: To put it more specifically, this survey was conducted with 100 respondents through random sampling. To an absent friend: To summarize, Sua argued that residents' concerns have grounds.
Practice — Adapting One Fact to Three Deliveries
- Take one statistic from your Chapter 12–13 material and state it three ways: simplified for neighbors, formalized for an institutional department, and mediated in summary for an absent friend.
- Write one sentence using 쉽게 말하면 and one using 보다 구체적으로 말씀드리면 that describe the same underlying fact.
- Write a two-sentence mediated summary of your Chapter 13 presentation using 요약해서 말씀드리면, adjusting speech level for a peer listener.
Model Dialogue
수아가 아파트 주민 모임에서 발표한 후, 구청 담당자에게 같은 내용을 다시 전달하는 장면 (교육용 예시)
Guided Practice
- Read the model dialogue again and underline every expression used to simplify, formalize, or mediate the same underlying fact.
- Identify the exact statistic that appears in three different forms across the dialogue (열 명 중 여섯 명 / 60퍼센트 / 60퍼센트) and explain why each form suits its audience.
- Using your Chapter 12–13 material, write one simplified sentence and one formalized sentence about the same fact.
- Write a two-sentence mediated summary of your own presentation for a friend who was not present.
- With a partner, take turns delivering the same short fact to a "general audience partner" and then to a "specialized audience partner," adjusting vocabulary and formality each time.
Listening Practice
Ask your instructor, a language partner, or a text-to-speech tool to read the following two short deliveries of the same content aloud, using a warmer voice for the general-audience version and a flatter, more formal voice for the specialized-audience version. Listen twice without reading, then complete the tasks below.
마이클이 같은 내용을 두 청중에게 전달하는 장면 (교육용 예시)
듣기 과제 — Listening task: Listen and answer in English.
| 질문 | 답 |
|---|---|
| What underlying fact do both deliveries describe? | ______ |
| What phrase signals the general-audience delivery? | ______ |
| What phrase signals the specialized-audience delivery? | ______ |
| What technical term appears only in the specialized-audience version? | ______ |
Reading Practice
Read the following two short passages describing the same underlying survey finding, then answer the questions that follow. These are general-purpose instructional texts, not authentic published sources.
일반 청중용: 아파트 소식지 (교육용 예시)
쉽게 말하면, 최근 조사에서 많은 주민이 밤에 공사 소리 때문에 힘들어한다는 것이 확인되었습니다. 열 명 중 여섯 명 정도가 이 문제를 걱정하고 있었습니다. 다만 조사에 참여한 사람 수가 많지 않아서, 결과를 조심스럽게 봐야 한다는 의견도 있었습니다. 한마디로, 주민들의 걱정은 근거가 있는 걱정이라고 볼 수 있습니다.
전문 청중용: 구청 제출 자료 (교육용 예시)
본 민원과 관련하여, 최근 실시된 조사 결과를 보고드립니다. 본 조사는 무작위 표본추출을 통해 응답자 100명을 대상으로 실시되었으며, 응답자의 60퍼센트가 야간 공사 소음에 대한 우려를 표명하였습니다. 보다 구체적으로 말씀드리면, 표본 수가 제한적이라는 반론이 제기될 수 있으나, 무작위 선정이었다는 점에서 이러한 한계가 결론의 타당성을 크게 약화시키지는 않는다고 판단됩니다.
내용 이해 — Comprehension questions:
- Identify the shared underlying fact expressed in both passages.
- List every expression in the first passage that signals a general-audience, simplified delivery.
- List every expression in the second passage that signals a specialized, institutional delivery.
- Compare how the statistic (60 percent / six out of ten) is expressed differently in each passage, and explain why.
- Which passage names the research method (무작위 표본추출) explicitly, and why does that audience need it while the other does not?
- If you were mediating this content in two sentences for a friend who saw neither passage, what would you say?
Writing Workshop
Write three short texts based on your Chapter 12–13 argument content: (1) a simplified version (4–6 sentences) for a general audience such as neighbors, (2) a formalized version (4–6 sentences) for a specialized or institutional audience, and (3) a mediated summary (2–3 sentences) for a friend who was not present.
[전문 청중] 보다 구체적으로 말씀드리면, ~ / 전문적인 용어로는 ~
[부재중인 사람에게] 요약해서 말씀드리면, ~ / 핵심만 말하면, ~
[Specialized audience] To put it more specifically, ~ / In technical terms, ~
[To someone absent] To summarize, ~ / If I just say the core point, ~
- 일반 청중용 작성. Simplify your thesis and one key statistic using 쉽게 말하면 or 일반적으로 말해서, and close with 한마디로.
- 전문 청중용 작성. Restore precise figures and method using 보다 구체적으로 말씀드리면 and name one technical term with 전문적인 용어로는.
- 부재중인 사람에게 요약. Compress the thesis, one supporting point, and the conclusion into two or three sentences using 요약해서 말씀드리면, adjusting speech level for a peer.
- 비교 검토. Underline what changed (vocabulary, figures, formality) and what stayed the same (the underlying claim) across your three versions.
체크리스트 — Checklist:
- The general-audience version avoids technical terms and uses concrete, everyday numbers or examples.
- The specialized-audience version restores precise figures, names the research method, and uses at least one appropriate technical term.
- The mediated summary compresses the content into two or three sentences without listing every detail.
- The underlying claim (residents' concerns have grounds) is preserved accurately across all three versions.
- Speech level is adjusted appropriately for each audience (formal/institutional vs. peer).
- Formal register markers from Chapters 11–13 are recycled correctly where appropriate.
- Spacing, particles, and Hangeul spelling are accurate, with no romanization.
Speaking Practice
통제 연습 — Controlled practice: 청중별 표현 바꾸기
Take one sentence from your Chapter 12–13 material and say it three ways aloud in sequence: simplified, formalized, and mediated, using the discourse markers introduced in this chapter each time.
의사소통 과제 — Communicative task: 두 청중에게 전달하기
Deliver your simplified version to one partner playing a general-audience role, then deliver your formalized version to another partner (or the same partner switching roles) playing an institutional-audience role. Each listener should ask one clarifying question suited to their role.
혼자 하는 연습 — Solo alternative
Record yourself delivering all three versions — simplified, formalized, and mediated — back to back, naming each audience aloud before you begin ("일반 청중에게," "전문 청중에게," "마이클에게") so the shift is clearly marked.
Culture and Communication
In many Korean institutional and community settings, the same underlying issue is often presented differently to residents, officials, and media, with community-facing communication favoring plain, relatable language and institution-facing communication favoring precise figures, named methods, and formal written register such as 본 민원과 관련하여 or 표명하였습니다.
When Korean speakers relay formal or institutional content to a friend or peer, it is common to shift both vocabulary and speech level, often moving from -습니다 or -아요/어요 toward more casual reported-speech endings such as -대 or plain forms, while still preserving the accuracy of the underlying content.
This chapter teaches audience adaptation and summary within a single language (Korean to Korean, adjusted for audience), not professional interpretation or translation between Korean and English. Learners preparing for formal interpretation, translation certification, or cross-language mediation work should seek specialized training beyond this general-purpose language course.
Common Mistakes to Avoid
Error: Producing a "simplified" version that keeps all the same technical terms and precise statistics, only softening the sentence endings.
Correction: Genuine simplification replaces technical terms with everyday equivalents and rounds precise statistics into relatable comparisons, using markers such as 쉽게 말하면 to signal the shift.
Error: Delivering a "formalized" version to an institutional audience that still omits the research method and exact figures, as if speaking to a general audience.
Correction: A specialized-audience version must restore the method and precise figures using markers such as 보다 구체적으로 말씀드리면.
Error: "Summarizing" for an absent listener by repeating nearly every sentence from the original presentation in order.
Correction: A mediated summary compresses the thesis, the single strongest supporting point, and the conclusion into two or three sentences, using markers such as 요약해서 말씀드리면 or 핵심만 말하면.
Chapter Review
Section A — 어휘 복습 (Vocabulary Review)
1. Sort the following items into "simplification," "formalization," and "mediation/summary" groups: 쉽게 말하면, 보다 구체적으로 말씀드리면, 요약해서 말씀드리면, 전문적인 용어로는, 한마디로, 핵심만 말하면.
Section B — 문법 복습 (Grammar Review)
1. Write one simplified sentence and one formalized sentence describing the same fact.
2. Write a two-sentence mediated summary for a friend who was not present.
3. Identify one expression that names a research method explicitly and explain why it belongs in a specialized-audience delivery rather than a general-audience one.
Section C — 독해 이해 (Reading Comprehension)
1. Summarize, in four or five English sentences, how the two reading passages differ in vocabulary, figures, and formality while conveying the same underlying claim.
Section D — 쓰기 (Writing)
1. Complete the three-version writing task, following the steps and checklist in the Writing Workshop above.
Section E — 말하기 (Speaking)
1. Deliver your simplified and formalized versions to two different partners, as described in the Speaking Practice above.
누적 복습 — Cumulative review
This chapter recycles the argument structure and citation language from Chapters 11–12 and the presentation and Q&A framing from Chapter 13, while introducing simplification, formalization, and summary/mediation language as new productive systems.
Practical Performance Task
수행 과제 — Chapter 14 Performance Task
청중별 전달과 요약 — Delivering the Same Content to Different Audiences and Mediating a Summary
You will read two audience-adapted passages, listen to two audience-adapted deliveries, write a simplified version, a formalized version, and a mediated summary of your own Chapter 12–13 content, and deliver the simplified and formalized versions aloud to different partners.
- Reading: Read both passages and answer the comprehension questions.
- Listening: Listen to both deliveries and answer the listening task questions.
- Writing: Write the three-version text following the Writing Workshop model and checklist.
- Speaking: Deliver the simplified and formalized versions aloud to two different audience roles.
| Criterion | What is evaluated |
|---|---|
| Reading and listening comprehension | Audience-signaling expressions, figures, and register shifts are correctly identified in both source materials |
| Simplification (new) | Technical terms and precise statistics are genuinely replaced with everyday equivalents, not merely re-ended |
| Formalization (new) | Precise figures and research method are restored and at least one technical term is correctly used |
| Mediation/summary (new) | The summary compresses thesis, one supporting point, and conclusion into two or three sentences with appropriate speech-level adjustment |
| Content accuracy across versions | The underlying claim remains accurate and consistent across all three versions |
| Cumulative integration | Chapter 11–13 argument content, citation language, and formal register are correctly recycled alongside the new systems |
| Hangeul and spacing accuracy | Accurate spelling and level-appropriate spacing throughout, no romanization |
| Scope discipline | No structures used productively beyond Volume IV, Chapters 1–14 |
Answer Key
Reading comprehension
- Both passages report the same underlying finding: a survey found that a majority of residents are concerned about nighttime construction noise, with some caution raised about sample size.
- The first passage signals a general-audience delivery with 쉽게 말하면, the rounded figure 열 명 중 여섯 명, and the closing marker 한마디로.
- The second passage signals a specialized delivery with 본 민원과 관련하여, 보고드립니다, 보다 구체적으로 말씀드리면, and formal endings such as 표명하였습니다.
- The first passage rounds the statistic as 열 명 중 여섯 명 for everyday relatability; the second gives the precise figure 60퍼센트 alongside the exact sample size and method, which an institutional reader needs for evaluation.
- The second passage names the research method (무작위 표본추출) explicitly, because an institutional audience must be able to evaluate the survey's reliability, while a general audience does not need this level of methodological detail.
- Sample mediated summary: 요약해서 말씀드리면, 조사에서 주민들의 소음 걱정이 확인되었지만, 표본 수가 적다는 반론도 있었어. 그래도 무작위 선정이었으니까 결론은 여전히 타당해.
Listening comprehension
- Both deliveries describe the reliability of the material 마이클 researched, including a limitation related to sample size.
- The general-audience delivery is signaled by 쉽게 말하면.
- The specialized-audience delivery is signaled by 전문적인 용어로는 and 보다 구체적으로 말씀드리면.
- The technical term 표본 대표성의 한계 (limitation of sample representativeness) appears only in the specialized-audience version.
Chapter Review — Section B
1. Sample response: 쉽게 말하면, 이 문제는 많은 사람들에게 영향을 줍니다. / 보다 구체적으로 말씀드리면, 응답자의 60퍼센트가 이 문제를 지적했습니다.
2. Sample response: 요약해서 말씀드리면, 조사 결과 문제가 실제로 존재한다는 것이 확인되었지만, 표본 수의 한계도 있었어.
3. Sample response: 무작위 표본추출 names the research method explicitly; a general audience does not need this detail to understand the basic point, but an institutional audience needs it to judge the survey's reliability.
Section D — Sample response
Check that: the simplified version avoids technical terms and rounds figures, the formalized version restores precise figures and the research method, the mediated summary is two to three sentences with appropriate speech-level adjustment, and the underlying claim stays consistent across all three versions.
Looking Ahead
지금 할 수 있는 것 — What you can do now
You can adapt the same content for a general audience and a specialized or institutional audience, simplify or formalize vocabulary and figures appropriately, and mediate a compressed summary for someone who was not present, adjusting speech level as needed.