交通和旅行安排
Chapter Overview and Learning Objectives
Getting around independently means being able to describe a route, understand a transit announcement, and handle it calmly when a bus is late or a train is cancelled. This chapter builds on the route language you already use with 从...到... and begins bringing 往 and 向 from recognition toward guided use. You will also continue two systems from earlier chapters: topic chains, now developing into slightly longer connected accounts, and A-not-A questions, which you already use with confidence.
By the end of this chapter, you will be able to:
- Describe a route from one place to another using 从...到....
- Recognize 往 and 向 in directions and begin using them in simple, guided sentences.
- Understand short transit announcements about delays, changes, and cancellations.
- Ask for and give simple transportation information, such as which bus or train to take.
- Connect several sentences about a single trip or disruption using a topic chain.
- Complete an integrated listening, speaking, reading, and writing task about a travel plan that runs into a problem.
往 and 向 remain a recognition-and-guided-use system in this chapter, not a fully independent productive system. Full introduction continues to develop across Chapters 9–11. Directional complements such as 进去 and 出来 are not part of this chapter; they begin later in the volume.
Communication Scenario
You are planning a trip across town to meet a friend, but the transportation system has other plans. This chapter follows three connected tasks: asking for route information, listening to a station announcement about a delay, and adjusting your plans because of a disruption.
- You will listen to an announcement about a delayed train.
- You will read a short notice about a bus route change.
- You will write a message telling a friend about a change to your travel plan.
- You will speak with a partner, asking for and giving directions and transportation information.
Core Vocabulary
The words below are productive for this chapter. Entries follow the standard format: character | Pinyin | function | meaning | example.
| Chinese | Pinyin | Function | Meaning | Example |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 地铁 | dìtiě | noun | subway | 我一般坐地铁去上班。 |
| 公共汽车 | gōnggòng qìchē | noun | bus | 这里有没有去市中心的公共汽车？ |
| 火车 | huǒchē | noun | train | 火车八点从这里出发。 |
| 站 | zhàn | noun | station, stop | 下一站是市中心站。 |
| 路线 | lùxiàn | noun | route | 这条路线经过三个站。 |
| 出发 | chūfā | verb | to depart, set off | 我们几点出发？ |
| 到达 | dàodá | verb | to arrive | 火车大概九点到达。 |
| 换车 | huàn chē | verb phrase | to transfer/change vehicles | 你需要在中心站换车。 |
| 延误 | yánwù | verb/noun | to be delayed; delay | 今天的火车延误了二十分钟。 |
| 取消 | qǔxiāo | verb | to cancel | 这班车已经取消了。 |
| 堵车 | dǔchē | verb | to have a traffic jam | 路上堵车，我们可能会晚到。 |
| 往 | wǎng | coverb | toward, in the direction of | 这班车往市中心开。 |
| 向 | xiàng | coverb | toward, facing | 请向前走，然后往右转。 |
| 左边／右边 | zuǒbian / yòubian | noun | left side / right side | 车站在银行的左边。 |
| 下车／上车 | xià chē / shàng chē | verb phrase | to get off / to get on (a vehicle) | 请在下一站下车。 |
| 车票 | chēpiào | noun | ticket (for a vehicle) | 我还没有买车票。 |
| 时刻表 | shíkèbiǎo | noun | timetable, schedule | 你可以在网上查时刻表。 |
| 耽误 | dānwu | verb | to hold up, make late | 堵车耽误了我们的时间。 |
Receptive vocabulary: 末班车 (mòbānchē, the last bus/train of the day) and measure words such as 一辆车 (yí liàng chē, one vehicle, classifier for vehicles) may appear in the reading and listening passages for context but are not required for independent production this chapter.
Pronunciation and Literacy Focus
This chapter continues to consolidate tones and connected-speech patterns already active from Volume II, with special attention to two patterns in this chapter's vocabulary:
- Third-tone sandhi in 起点 and 路线-type words: when two third-tone syllables meet in words or short phrases like 几点 before another third tone, remember the first syllable is pronounced as a rising second tone, not a full dip.
- 往 (wǎng) vs. 网 (wǎng): these are pronounced identically; only context and characters distinguish "toward" from "internet/net." Do not assume the pronunciation itself signals meaning.
Typing focus: this chapter continues typing through Pinyin input as a controlled productive skill, including searching for a route or a timetable online, for example 时刻表 or a station name. Continue selecting the correct character carefully when several characters share the same Pinyin, such as several characters pronounced zhàn; make sure you select 站 for "station," not a different zhàn.
Handwriting is not a required skill for this chapter's vocabulary. Continue handwriting only the characters already scheduled from earlier chapters.
Grammar and Sentence Patterns
1. 从...到...: Describing a Route
You already use 从...到... to describe a starting point and an endpoint. This chapter recycles and expands that pattern specifically for transportation routes.
这班车从火车站到市中心，一共经过五个站。
Zhè bān chē cóng huǒchēzhàn dào shìzhōngxīn, yígòng jīngguò wǔ ge zhàn.
This bus goes from the train station to downtown, passing five stops in total.
我从家到公司要换一次车。
Wǒ cóng jiā dào gōngsī yào huàn yí cì chē.
I need to transfer once to get from home to the office.
Form: 从 + starting point + 到 + endpoint, with the route or trip described in between or after. This pattern is already consolidated; use it confidently to build longer route descriptions.
2. 往 and 向: Direction, Recognition Toward Guided Use
往 and 向 both mean roughly "toward," but they are used somewhat differently. In this chapter, focus on recognizing them accurately and using them only in a few guided, formulaic patterns; broader productive control continues to develop over the next few chapters.
这班车往市中心开。
Zhè bān chē wǎng shìzhōngxīn kāi.
This bus goes toward downtown.
请向前走，然后往右转。
Qǐng xiàng qián zǒu, ránhòu wǎng yòu zhuǎn.
Please walk forward, then turn right.
往 commonly appears before a place name and a verb like 开 ("drive/go") or 走 ("walk"), often describing which direction a vehicle is heading. 向 often appears with 前, 后, 左, or 右 in short direction-giving phrases. In this chapter, learn to recognize both and use the two model patterns above; you are not yet expected to build fully independent sentences with these coverbs.
3. Continuing Topic Chains: Describing a Trip with a Problem
Your topic chains now extend to slightly longer accounts, especially useful for describing what happened when a trip did not go as planned.
我今天坐地铁去公司，可是地铁突然延误了，我在站台等了二十分钟，后来只好换公共汽车去。
Wǒ jīntiān zuò dìtiě qù gōngsī, kěshì dìtiě tūrán yánwù le, wǒ zài zhàntái děng le èrshí fēnzhōng, hòulái zhǐhǎo huàn gōnggòng qìchē qù.
Today I took the subway to work, but the subway suddenly got delayed; I waited on the platform for twenty minutes, and afterward I had no choice but to switch to the bus.
Notice how the account moves through several linked events — taking the subway, the delay, waiting, switching — without restating "I" or "the subway" in every clause. Continue building chains like this rather than a list of short, disconnected sentences.
4. Recognition Review: 到 as a Result Marker
As in earlier chapters, continue treating result-marking combinations as recognizable units, not as a system you build freely yet.
火车已经到了。
Huǒchē yǐjīng dào le.
The train has already arrived.
我们可能会晚到十分钟。
Wǒmen kěnéng huì wǎn dào shí fēnzhōng.
We might arrive ten minutes late.
Full result-complement production begins in Chapter 9. For now, continue recognizing these patterns for meaning rather than building new combinations.
Model Dialogue
Context: two friends, informal register, planning a trip across town
安娜：喂，我可能会晚到，地铁延误了。
马克：是吗？延误了多久？
安娜：广播说延误二十分钟，我在站台等呢。
马克：那你要不要换公共汽车？
安娜：我看看……有一班往市中心的车，我坐那班车吧。
马克：好，从你那儿到这儿大概要多久？
安娜：不堵车的话，大概二十分钟就到了。
Anna: Hey, I might be a bit late, the subway got delayed. Mark: Really? How long is the delay? Anna: The announcement said twenty minutes; I'm waiting on the platform. Mark: Do you want to switch to the bus, then? Anna: Let me see... there's a bus heading downtown, I'll take that one. Mark: Okay, how long will it take to get from there to here? Anna: If there's no traffic jam, it should take about twenty minutes.
Guided Practice
1. Complete each route description with 从 or 到:
- 这班车＿火车站＿市中心。
- 我＿家＿公司要换一次车。
2. Choose 往 or 向 to complete each sentence:
- 这班车＿市中心开。
- 请＿前走，然后往右转。
Listening Practice
Listening script for independent use. Read aloud slowly, then at a natural pace, or have a fluent speaker record it.
车站广播 — Station announcement:
各位乘客请注意，往市中心方向的火车延误二十分钟，请大家在站台耐心等候。如果您赶时间，可以换乘公共汽车。给大家带来不便，我们表示抱歉。
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| 哪个方向的火车延误了？ | ______ |
| 延误了多长时间？ | ______ |
| 如果赶时间，可以做什么？ | ______ |
Speaking Practice
控制性练习 — Controlled practice
With a partner, take turns describing a route from one place to another using 从...到..., including how many stops or transfers are involved.
交际任务 — Communicative task: 路上出问题了
Role-play a phone call in which one partner is running late because of a delay, cancellation, or traffic jam. Include a reason for the delay, at least one A-not-A question about what to do next, and a decision about how to continue the trip.
独立练习 — Solo alternative
Record yourself narrating a trip as a short topic chain: how you were traveling, what went wrong, and how you handled it.
Reading Practice
Read the notice about a bus route change, then answer the comprehension questions.
- 这个通知是关于哪条公共汽车路线？
- 路线什么时候开始变化？
- 乘客现在应该在哪一站上下车？
- 如果有问题，可以怎么办？
Writing Workshop
Write a message (six to nine sentences) to a friend explaining that your travel plan has changed because of a delay, cancellation, or traffic jam.
写作任务 — Writing task: Type your message with Pinyin input. Your message must include:
- An opening line explaining what happened, using 延误, 取消, or 堵车.
- A route description using 从...到...
- At least one A-not-A question, such as asking whether the other person can wait or should meet somewhere else.
- A decision or plan for how you will continue the trip.
- A closing sentence letting the person know when you expect to arrive.
修改清单 — Editing checklist:
- 延误, 取消, and 堵车 are used accurately and not interchangeably.
- 从...到... is used correctly to describe a route.
- At least one A-not-A question is formed correctly.
- The message stays connected as a short topic chain rather than a list of disconnected sentences.
- Chinese punctuation (。，？) is used correctly throughout.
Culture and Communication
In many Mandarin-speaking cities, public transportation systems rely heavily on station announcements, posted notices, and phone apps to inform passengers about delays, cancellations, and route changes. Reactions to a delay or a crowded platform vary by city, system, and individual, so it is not accurate to describe a single universal attitude toward public transportation problems. A brief, polite explanation — such as mentioning a delay or traffic jam when arriving late — is generally appreciated in both casual and more formal settings.
Common Mistakes to Avoid
- Confusing 延误 and 取消: use 延误 for a delay (the vehicle still runs, just later) and 取消 for a cancellation (the vehicle does not run at all).
- Treating 往 and 向 as fully interchangeable in every sentence: in this chapter, rely on the model patterns given rather than freely combining them in new ways; broader control develops over the next few chapters.
- Placing 从 and 到 in the wrong order: the starting point always follows 从 and the endpoint always follows 到 — 从火车站到市中心, not the reverse.
- Overusing 到 as a general "arrive" without result-marking function: continue treating combinations like 晚到 as recognizable units rather than building new result-complement combinations — that system develops further starting in Chapter 9.
Chapter Summary
This chapter expanded transportation and route vocabulary, recycled and deepened 从...到... for describing routes, moved 往 and 向 from pure recognition toward guided, formulaic use, and extended topic chains into longer accounts of a trip that ran into a problem. You also continued recognizing result-marking combinations such as 晚到, which remain recognition-only until Chapter 9. Typing through Pinyin input continued as a controlled productive skill, including searching for routes and timetables online.
Chapter Review
部分 A — 语法复习 (Grammar Review)
1. Complete the route description with 从 and 到:
- 这班公共汽车＿图书馆＿市政府。
2. Choose 延误 or 取消 to complete the sentence:
- 今天堵车很严重，火车＿了三十分钟。
部分 B — 阅读 (Reading)
1. Return to the bus route notice above and answer:
- 路线变化以后，乘客应该在哪一站上下车？
部分 C — 写作 (Writing)
1. Write your six-to-nine-sentence message about a travel disruption, following the Writing Workshop steps and editing checklist above.
部分 D — 口语 (Speaking)
1. Complete the 路上出问题了 role-play with a partner or recording.
Recognition Check
Say each of the following aloud and confirm accurate tones and connected phrasing: 这班车往市中心开, 请向前走，然后往右转, 火车延误二十分钟, 我们可能会晚到十分钟. If any of these feel uncertain, review this chapter before continuing to Chapter 9.
Practical Performance Task
Chapter 8 Performance Task
路上出问题了 — Handling a Travel Disruption
Complete the following four connected tasks.
- Listen to the station announcement and complete the listening table above.
- Read the bus route notice and answer the comprehension questions.
- Write your own message about a travel disruption, following the Writing Workshop steps and editing checklist.
- Speak through the 路上出问题了 role-play with a partner, recording, or instructor.
Answer Key
Guided Practice
- a. 从 … 到 b. 从 … 到
- a. 往 b. 向
Listening Practice
- The train heading toward downtown.
- Twenty minutes.
- Transfer to the bus.
Reading Practice
- The No. 12 bus route heading downtown.
- Starting next Monday.
- At the City Hall stop.
- Check the timetable online or call the front desk.
Chapter Review — 部分 A
- 从图书馆到市政府
- 延误
Chapter Review — 部分 B
应该在市政府站上下车。 (Passengers should board and get off at the City Hall stop.)
Looking Ahead
现在你会做什么 — What you can do now
You can describe a route with 从...到..., recognize and begin using 往 and 向 in guided sentences, understand a transit announcement or route-change notice, and connect several sentences about a trip and its disruption into a topic chain.