数据和图表说明
Chapter Overview and Learning Objectives
Chapter 12 helped the study group choose the café as their trial location by comparing and evaluating two options. Now that the one-month trial with Xiao Wang is underway, the group wants to check whether it is actually working. In this chapter, they look at a short survey the group ran on attendance, focus, and satisfaction, and learn to explain what the numbers show. This chapter introduces percentages with 百分之, trend verbs for describing change (上升, 下降, 增加, 减少), approximation language with 大约 and 左右, and a compact way of describing a data point using a short descriptive clause before the noun it modifies.
By the end of this chapter, you will be able to:
- State and read percentages using 百分之.
- Describe increases and decreases using 上升, 下降, 增加, and 减少.
- Express approximate quantities using 大约 and 左右.
- Describe a general trend using 趋势 and related phrases.
- Use a short descriptive clause before a noun to describe a data point more compactly (e.g. "increased-quickly item").
- Read and respond to a short passage presenting simple survey data.
- Continue recognizing 被, 把, 未, and 无 in reading material without being required to produce them.
Communication Scenario
Two weeks into the café trial, the study group asks everyone (including Xiao Wang) to answer three quick questions about attendance, focus, and satisfaction. You will follow the group as they look at the results together, read a short written summary of the data, and then describe and interpret a simple data set of your own.
- You will read a short written summary presenting survey results as percentages.
- You will listen to a short recorded update in which a group member walks through the numbers and describes a trend.
- You will discuss the data with a partner, describing at least one increase, one decrease, and one approximate figure.
- You will write a short paragraph explaining a simple chart or data set, real or imagined.
Core Vocabulary
All entries below are productive unless marked receptive. Continue using 对于, 关于, 可能, 种类, 分类, and 整体来说 from Chapter 12 as needed; they are not repeated here.
| 汉字 | Pinyin | Part/Function | Meaning | Example |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 数据 | shùjù | noun | data | 这些数据是我们自己收集的。 |
| 图表 | túbiǎo | noun | chart; graph | 这张图表显示了大家的看法。 |
| 显示 | xiǎnshì | verb | to show; to indicate | 数据显示大部分人觉得满意。 |
| 百分之 | bǎifēnzhī | quantity phrase | percent; percentage of | 百分之八十的人觉得咖啡馆更方便。 |
| 比例 | bǐlì | noun | proportion; ratio | 满意的人的比例比较高。 |
| 上升 | shàngshēng | verb | to rise; to go up | 这个星期的出席率上升了。 |
| 下降 | xiàjiàng | verb | to fall; to decrease | 迟到的次数下降了。 |
| 增加 | zēngjiā | verb | to increase | 专注的时间增加了不少。 |
| 减少 | jiǎnshǎo | verb | to decrease; to reduce | 分心的情况减少了。 |
| 趋势 | qūshì | noun | trend | 整体的趋势是往好的方向发展。 |
| 出席率 | chūxílǜ | noun | attendance rate | 这个月的出席率比上个月高。 |
| 满意度 | mǎnyìdù | noun | satisfaction level | 大家的满意度都提高了。 |
| 大约 | dàyuē | adverb | approximately; about | 大约一半的人觉得空间还不错。 |
| 左右 | zuǒyòu | quantity suffix | approximately; -ish (after a number) | 出席率是百分之九十左右。 |
| 提高 | tígāo | verb | to raise; to improve | 专注的比例提高了百分之十。 |
| 保持 | bǎochí | verb | to maintain; to keep steady | 迟到的比例基本保持不变。 |
Pronunciation Focus: Numbers Inside Longer Phrases
百分之 phrases and 左右 phrases both place a number in the middle of a longer expression. Keep the number itself clear and evenly paced, and avoid rushing through it just because it sits inside a longer sentence.
| Phrase | Practice Focus |
|---|---|
| 百分之八十的人觉得满意。 | even pacing through 八十, brief pause before 的人 |
| 出席率是百分之九十左右。 | clear tone on 九十, light stress on 左右 at the end |
| 专注的比例提高了百分之十。 | connect 提高了 as one unit, then a small pause before 百分之十 |
Grammar and Sentence Patterns
1. Percentages with 百分之
百分之 literally means "out of a hundred parts" and is followed directly by the number, forming a percentage. The whole phrase 百分之 + number can act as a quantity before 的 + noun, or stand alone as an answer.
百分之八十的人觉得咖啡馆更方便。
出席率是百分之九十。
2. Trend Verbs: 上升, 下降, 增加, 减少
These four verbs describe a quantity moving up or down over time. 上升 and 增加 both describe a rise, but 上升 is used more often for rates, levels, and abstract measures, while 增加 is used more broadly for amounts. 下降 and 减少 work the same way for a fall. All four are frequently followed by 了 to mark the change as having occurred, and often by an amount such as 百分之十.
这个月的出席率上升了百分之十。
迟到的次数减少了很多。
3. Approximation with 大约 and 左右
大约 comes before a number or quantity phrase and means "approximately." 左右 comes directly after a number or quantity phrase and has a similar meaning; the two are not normally combined around the same number in the same phrase.
大约一半的人觉得空间还不错。
出席率是百分之九十左右。
4. Describing a Trend: 趋势
趋势 names the overall direction of change and is often used with 整体来说 from Chapter 12 to summarize a data set in one sentence before or after giving specific numbers.
整体来说，趋势是往好的方向发展：出席率上升了，迟到的情况减少了。
5. A Compact Descriptive Clause Before a Noun
You have used 的 to attach single adjectives or simple phrases before a noun since earlier volumes. This chapter extends that pattern slightly further: a short clause describing a change or a state can also come directly before 的 and the noun it modifies, without any extra connecting word. This lets you name a data point and describe it in the same short phrase, rather than in two separate sentences.
上升得很快的那部分数据，是关于专注时间的。
减少得比较慢的问题，是迟到的情况。
Keep this pattern to short, familiar descriptive clauses for now. Longer or more complex modifiers before a noun are developed in later chapters.
Putting It Together
关于这两周的数据，我觉得趋势不错。出席率上升了百分之十左右，大约百分之八十的人觉得专注的时间也增加了。迟到的情况减少了，满意度基本保持在一个比较高的水平。上升得比较快的，是大家对空间的满意度；变化比较小的，是迟到的比例。整体来说，这个数据支持我们继续留在咖啡馆。
Model Dialogue: 两周的数据怎么样？
小林：关于这两周的数据，我看了一下，趋势还不错。
小陈：真的吗？出席率怎么样？
小林：出席率上升了，大约百分之九十左右，比上周高。
小陈：那迟到的情况呢？
小林：迟到的次数减少了不少，满意度也提高了百分之十左右。
小陈：听起来，上升得比较快的是满意度，变化比较小的是迟到的比例，对吗？
小林：对，整体来说，这个数据显示咖啡馆这个决定是对的。
Guided Practice
- Complete with a percentage: ______的人觉得咖啡馆更方便。 (80%)
- Choose 上升 or 增加: 出席率______了百分之十。
- Add 左右 to make this approximate: 满意度是百分之七十。 → ______
- Combine into one descriptive-clause phrase: 这部分数据上升得很快。这部分数据是关于专注时间的。 → ______
- Use 趋势 to summarize: 出席率上升了，迟到的情况减少了。整体来说，______。
Listening Practice
Listening script for independent use. Read aloud slowly, then at a natural pace, or have a fluent speaker record it.
小组成员的语音更新 — Voice update from a group member:
大家好，我是小周。关于这两周的数据，我简单说一下。出席率上升了，大约百分之九十左右，比第一周高不少。专注的时间也增加了，满意度提高了百分之十左右。迟到的情况减少了，不过变化比较小，基本保持在原来的水平。整体来说，趋势是往好的方向发展的，上升得最快的是满意度。我觉得这个数据支持我们继续用咖啡馆。
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| 出席率大约是多少？ | ______ |
| 哪个数据变化比较小？ | ______ |
| 小周认为哪个数据上升得最快？ | ______ |
Reading Practice: A Short Data Summary
Read the short data summary below, then answer the questions. 被 is glossed for recognition only, as in earlier chapters.
- 出席率从百分之几上升到百分之几？
- 大约百分之多少的人觉得在咖啡馆更容易集中注意力？
- 哪个数据的变化比较小？
- 这些数据被小组用来做什么？
Speaking Practice
交际任务 — Communicative task: 说明一组数据
With a partner, describe a simple real or imagined data set (for example, class attendance, a survey among friends, or study habits). Use 百分之 at least twice, describe at least one increase and one decrease using the trend verbs from this chapter, use 大约 or 左右 at least once, and end with a one-sentence summary using 趋势 and 整体来说.
独立练习 — Solo alternative
Record yourself explaining a simple chart or data set for one minute, including at least one percentage, one trend verb, and one approximation word.
Writing Workshop: Explaining a Simple Data Set
Write a short paragraph explaining a simple chart or data set, real or imagined. Your writing must include:
- A topic-marking opening using 关于 or 对于.
- At least two percentages, using 百分之.
- At least one increase and one decrease, using trend verbs from this chapter.
- At least one approximation, using 大约 or 左右.
- One compact descriptive-clause phrase before a noun, following this chapter's pattern.
- An overall summary, using 趋势 and 整体来说.
修改清单 — Editing checklist:
- The topic is clearly marked in the first sentence.
- At least two percentages are stated using 百分之.
- At least one increase and one decrease are described clearly.
- 大约 or 左右 is used correctly to mark an approximation.
- The compact descriptive-clause phrase is formed correctly and comes directly before 的 and the noun.
- Chinese punctuation (，。？！) is used correctly throughout.
Culture and Communication Check
In many Mandarin-speaking academic and workplace settings, a conclusion is typically supported by presenting the relevant numbers first, then stating what they suggest, rather than stating an opinion and adding numbers afterward as an afterthought. This ordering is common in group reporting and data-based discussion, though how much detail is given and how directly a conclusion is stated still varies by setting, relationship, and individual style.
Common Mistakes to Avoid
- Saying "百分之" without a following number: 百分之 must always be directly followed by a number; it cannot stand alone as "percent."
- Combining 大约 and 左右 around the same number: choose one or the other; 大约百分之九十左右 is redundant in careful usage.
- Confusing 上升/下降 with 增加/减少: both pairs describe change, but 上升/下降 are more natural for rates and levels, while 增加/减少 are more natural for amounts and counts.
- Overextending the compact descriptive-clause pattern: keep the clause before 的 short and familiar; longer or more complex modifiers are developed in later chapters.
Chapter Summary
This chapter introduced percentages with 百分之; trend verbs 上升, 下降, 增加, and 减少 for describing change; approximation with 大约 and 左右; 趋势 for summarizing an overall direction; and a compact descriptive-clause pattern for describing a data point directly before the noun it modifies. You practiced these systems through the study group's review of two weeks of survey data, including a voice update, a written data summary, a spoken data-description task, and a written paragraph explaining a data set.
Chapter Review
部分 A — 语法 (Grammar)
1. I can state and read percentages using 百分之.
2. I can describe increases and decreases using 上升, 下降, 增加, and 减少, and express approximation using 大约 and 左右.
3. I can use a short descriptive clause directly before a noun to describe a data point.
部分 B — 听力和阅读 (Listening and Reading)
1. I can follow a short voice update and identify the main percentages and trends mentioned.
2. I can read a short data summary and identify which figures increased, decreased, or stayed the same.
部分 C — 口语和写作 (Speaking and Writing)
1. I can describe and summarize a simple data set in speaking and writing, using percentages, trend verbs, and approximation language.
Recognition Check
Say each of the following aloud, keeping the number clear and evenly paced: 百分之八十, 上升了, 左右. If any of these feel uncertain, review this chapter's Pronunciation Focus before continuing to Chapter 14.
Practical Performance Task
Chapter 13 Performance Task
两周的数据怎么样？ — How Do the Two Weeks of Data Look?
Complete the following connected tasks in one sitting.
- Listen to 小周's voice update and complete the listening comprehension table.
- Read the data summary and answer the comprehension questions.
- Speak with a partner (or record independently), describing and summarizing a simple data set.
- Write your data-explanation paragraph, following the Writing Workshop steps and editing checklist.
Answer Key
Guided Practice
- 百分之八十的人觉得咖啡馆更方便。
- 出席率上升了百分之十。 (增加 is also acceptable)
- 满意度是百分之七十左右。
- 上升得很快的那部分数据，是关于专注时间的。
- 整体来说，趋势是往好的方向发展的。
Listening Practice
- 出席率大约是百分之九十左右。
- 迟到的情况变化比较小。
- 小周认为满意度上升得最快。
Reading Practice
- 出席率从百分之八十上升到百分之九十左右。
- 大约百分之七十五的人觉得在咖啡馆更容易集中注意力。
- 满意度这个数据的变化比较小，基本保持不变。
- 这些数据被小组用作继续使用咖啡馆的重要理由。
Chapter Review
This checklist is for learner self-reflection; there is no single fixed answer. If any item feels uncertain, review this chapter before continuing to Chapter 14.
Looking Ahead
现在你会做什么 — What you can do now
You can state and interpret percentages, describe increases and decreases with 上升, 下降, 增加, and 减少, express approximate quantities with 大约 and 左右, summarize an overall trend, and use a short descriptive clause to describe a data point directly before a noun — while continuing to recognize 被, 把, 未, and 无 in reading material without needing to produce them yourself.