Mipango na Mialiko
Chapter Objectives
By the end of this chapter, you will be able to:
- Discuss future events, personal goals, and intentions using the future marker -ta- across all persons, affirmative and negative.
- Use kutaka to express wants and intentions in planning contexts.
- Use tunaweza and related suggestion frames to propose an activity.
- Invite someone to an event or activity and respond to an invitation — accepting, declining, or proposing an alternative.
- Confirm an arrangement by stating activity, time, and place together.
- Revise a plan politely when circumstances change.
- Use object markers inside future-tense verbs in planning exchanges.
- Contrast present, past, and future time reference within a single connected exchange.
- Write an invitation and a response that confirms the details of a plan.
Communication Scenario
A classmate from your Swahili course is organizing a small gathering before the term ends. She sends a message inviting you and a few others to meet for a meal and to talk about summer plans. You need to read her invitation, decide whether you can attend, and reply — either accepting and confirming the time and place, or declining politely and suggesting another day. Over the course of the week, plans change: someone cannot come at the original time, and the group must agree on a revised arrangement. By the end of this chapter, you will be able to invite, respond, and negotiate a plan entirely in Swahili.
- Think about how you make plans in your own language. Do you state a time first and then an activity, or the other way around? Notice how Swahili speakers in this chapter's dialogue and readings organize a plan: activity, then time, then place, confirmed together.
- In Chapter 14 you learned to state a single future action with -ta-. In this chapter, you will use future forms across a full conversation — proposing, accepting, declining, and revising — while also drawing on present and past forms you already know. Watch for how the tense marker, not the time word alone, tells the listener when something happens.
Core Vocabulary
Matukio na shughuli za kijamii — Social activities and events
| Umoja (Singular) | Wingi (Plural) | Meaning | Class note |
|---|---|---|---|
| mkutano | mikutano | meeting | M-MI class |
| karamu | karamu | feast; banquet; party | N-class |
| sherehe | sherehe | celebration; party | N-class |
| tamasha | matamasha | festival | JI-MA class |
| mchezo | michezo | game; match | M-MI class |
| safari | safari | trip; journey | N-class |
| chakula cha jioni | — | dinner (evening meal) | KI-VI head noun; reviewed from Ch. 7–8 |
Mialiko na majibu — Invitations and responses
| Swahili | Meaning | Note |
|---|---|---|
| kualika | to invite | infinitive; common object-marker verb |
| mwaliko (pl. mialiko) | invitation | M-MI class |
| kukubali | to accept; to agree | infinitive |
| kukataa | to decline; to refuse | infinitive |
| kukutana | to meet (each other) | infinitive; lexicalized reciprocal form; recognition of internal structure only |
| Nakualika… | I invite you… / I'm inviting you… | ni-na-ku-alik-a with object marker -ku- |
| Asante kwa mwaliko. | Thank you for the invitation. | fixed courtesy expression |
| Kwa bahati mbaya… | Unfortunately… (lit. by bad luck) | fixed expression; softens a decline |
| Nina shughuli nyingine. | I have another commitment. | polite reason for declining |
Miadi na mipangilio — Appointments and arrangements
| Swahili | Meaning | Class note |
|---|---|---|
| miadi | appointment | N-class |
| mpango (pl. mipango) | plan | M-MI class |
| lengo (pl. malengo) | goal | JI-MA class |
| mahali | place | locative reference noun; reviewed from Ch. 11 |
| Saa ngapi? | What time? | question frame; reviewed from Ch. 7 |
| Wapi? / Mahali gani? | Where? / What place? | question frame; reviewed from Ch. 11 |
| kuahirisha | to postpone | recognition item |
| kubadilisha | to change | recognition item |
Wakati ujao — Future-time expressions
| Swahili | Meaning |
|---|---|
| kesho | tomorrow |
| kesho kutwa | the day after tomorrow |
| wiki ijayo | next week |
| mwezi ujao | next month |
| mwaka ujao | next year |
| mwishoni mwa wiki | at the weekend |
| baadaye | later; afterward |
ijayo and ujao are agreeing forms of "coming, next," shown here as fixed phrases with wiki (N-class) and mwezi/mwaka (M-MI class). Full agreement with this modifier is a receptive item at this stage; learn each phrase as a productive unit.
Malengo binafsi — Personal goals
| Swahili | Meaning |
|---|---|
| Nataka kusafiri. | I want to travel. |
| Nina lengo la kumaliza masomo. | I have a goal of finishing my studies. |
| Tutaonana hivi karibuni. | We will see each other soon. |
Pronunciation and Spelling
Mkazo wa sauti katika mialiko na majibu — Intonation in invitations and responses
An invitation offered as a genuine question rises gently at the end, inviting a response: Unaweza kuja? A confident acceptance falls smoothly: Ndiyo, nitakuja. A polite decline often begins with a softened, slightly lower opening — Samahani… — before the reason follows. Practice the contrast between an inviting rise and a settled, falling confirmation.
Mkazo katika vitenzi vya wakati ujao — Stress in future and suggestion forms
Stress remains on the second-to-last syllable even as verbs grow longer with the future marker and object markers attached. Divide and practice these forms aloud.
ni-ta-ku-ta-NA (nitakutana) · tu-na-WE-za (tunaweza) · ni-ta-ku-PI-gi-a (nitakupigia) · tu-ta-o-NA-na (tutaonana) · ha-ta-ku-JA (hatakuja)
Tarehe na saa — Dates and times
Review the pronunciation of days of the week (Chapter 7) and clock-time expressions when reading arrangement details aloud. Pause briefly between the day, the time, and the place when confirming a plan, so that each piece of information is clear to the listener: Jumamosi — saa tatu — mkahawani.
Uakifishaji katika ujumbe ulioandikwa — Punctuation in written messages
Written invitations and replies use standard sentence punctuation and, in informal messages, an exclamation point to convey warmth: Karibu sana! Use a question mark for genuine invitations phrased as questions, and a comma to separate the day, time, and place when they appear together in one sentence: Tuonane Jumamosi, saa tatu, mkahawani.
Grammar Instruction
17.1 Future -ta- across all persons: affirmative and negative
Purpose: discuss and negate future plans and predictions with full person agreement.
In Chapter 14 you learned to build single future statements with the marker -ta-. This chapter consolidates that pattern across all persons and adds the negative future, which you will need constantly when making, accepting, and declining plans.
| Person | Affirmative future | Negative future | Meaning |
|---|---|---|---|
| mimi (I) | nitakuja | sitakuja | I will / will not come |
| wewe (you sg.) | utakuja | hutakuja | you will / will not come |
| yeye (he/she) | atakuja | hatakuja | he/she will / will not come |
| sisi (we) | tutakuja | hatutakuja | we will / will not come |
| ninyi (you pl.) | mtakuja | hamtakuja | you (pl.) will / will not come |
| wao (they) | watakuja | hawatakuja | they will / will not come |
Present negation (Chapter 7) drops -na- entirely and often changes the final vowel: sisomi (I do not study). Future negation works differently: the tense marker -ta- stays in the verb, and only the subject marker changes to its negative form — si-, hu-, ha-, hatu-, ham-, hawa-. Compare: Ninasoma → Sisomi (present) but Nitasoma → Sitasoma (future). Do not apply the present-negative pattern to future verbs.
17.2 kutaka for wants and intentions
Purpose: state what you want to do when discussing a plan.
kutaka (to want) was introduced in Chapter 8 for food preferences. In planning contexts, it combines with an infinitive complement, a pattern you practiced in Chapter 14.
- Nataka kwenda kwenye tamasha. — I want to go to the festival. na-taka (I want) + kwenda (to go) + kwenye tamasha (to the festival)
- Anataka kupanga safari. — He/she wants to plan a trip. a-na-taka (he/she wants) + kupanga (to plan) + safari (trip)
- Hatutaki kuahirisha mkutano. — We do not want to postpone the meeting. hatu-taki (we do not want, present negative) + kuahirisha (to postpone) + mkutano (meeting)
17.3 tunaweza and suggestion frames
Purpose: propose an activity, time, or place using a shared, non-committal frame.
Tunaweza ("we can") uses the ability verb -weza from Chapter 13 in the present tense to make a suggestion sound collaborative rather than demanding. The same pattern works with other subjects to ask whether someone is available.
- Tunaweza kukutana kesho. — We can meet tomorrow. tu-na-weza (we can) + kukutana (to meet) + kesho (tomorrow)
- Je, unaweza kuja Jumamosi? — Can you come on Saturday? je (question particle) + u-na-weza (you can) + kuja (to come) + Jumamosi (Saturday)
- Tunaweza kwenda mahali pengine. — We can go somewhere else. tu-na-weza (we can) + kwenda (to go) + mahali pengine (somewhere else)
17.4 Polite invitation and response patterns
Purpose: invite someone, accept, decline, and propose an alternative with appropriate courtesy.
Swahili invitations range from a direct statement of intention to a more deferential question. Learn the following controlled frames as complete communicative units.
- Nakualika kwenye karamu yangu. — I invite you to my party. ni-na-ku-alik-a (I invite you) — object marker -ku- refers to "you"
- Je, unaweza kuja? — Can you come? polite invitation phrased as a question
- Ndiyo, nitakuja. Asante kwa mwaliko. — Yes, I will come. Thank you for the invitation. acceptance + fixed courtesy expression
- Samahani, siwezi kuja. Nina shughuli nyingine. — Sorry, I can't come. I have another commitment. samahani (sorry) + si-wezi (I cannot, present negative) + reason
- Kwa bahati mbaya, sitaweza kuja Jumamosi. Tunaweza kukutana siku nyingine? — Unfortunately, I won't be able to come Saturday. Can we meet another day? decline + softening phrase + alternative suggestion
When two people have already agreed to meet and are settling the details, Swahili speakers commonly use a short proposal form such as Tukutane saa kumi ("Let's meet at four o'clock"). This form belongs to the subjunctive mood, which is not formally taught until a later volume. Learn tukutane and similar fixed proposal expressions as ready-made communicative units for confirming a time, without analyzing their internal grammar yet.
17.5 Confirming an arrangement: activity, time, and place
Purpose: state a complete arrangement so that both people share the same understanding.
A plan is only settled once the activity, the time, and the place have all been confirmed. Swahili speakers typically state these three pieces of information together, often in that order.
17.6 Object markers in future-tense planning verbs
Purpose: use person and class object markers inside future verbs to refer to people already mentioned in a plan.
Object marking, introduced in Chapter 8 and expanded in Chapters 9, 13, and 14, is especially frequent in planning language, since plans usually involve doing something to, for, or with another person.
- Nitakupigia simu kesho. — I will call you (on the phone) tomorrow. ni-ta-ku-pigi-a (I will call you) — object marker -ku- = "you"
- Tutawaalika kwenye sherehe. — We will invite them to the celebration. tu-ta-wa-alik-a (we will invite them) — object marker -wa- = "them," referring to M-WA/animate plural
- Atanikumbuka. — He/she will remember me. a-ta-ni-kumbuk-a (he/she will remember me) — object marker -ni- = "me"
Mazoezi A — Wakati ujao (Future tense):
Give the affirmative and negative future forms for each subject and verb.
- mimi + kuja
- wao + kufika
- sisi + kukutana
- yeye + kualika
- wewe + kusafiri
Mazoezi B — Mialiko na majibu (Invitations and responses):
Write a complete invitation and two possible responses — one acceptance and one polite decline with an alternative — for each situation.
- Inviting a classmate to a birthday party on Saturday.
- Inviting a colleague to a meeting tomorrow morning.
- Inviting a friend to travel together next month.
Mazoezi C — Vitu vinavyorejewa (Object markers):
Complete each sentence with the correct object marker inside the future verb.
- Nita_____ona kesho. (you, singular)
- Tuta_____alika kwenye sherehe. (them)
- Ata_____pigia simu leo jioni. (us)
- Mta_____kumbuka daima. (me)
Model Dialogue
Muktadha: Nadia anampigia simu Kofi kumwalika kwenye karamu ndogo kabla ya likizo. Wanapanga siku, saa, na mahali.
(Setting: Nadia calls Kofi to invite him to a small party before the break. They arrange a day, time, and place.)
(Siku chache baadaye, Kofi anampigia simu Nadia tena. / A few days later, Kofi calls Nadia again.)
Vocabulary note: hakuna tatizo = no problem; basi = then, so (discourse connector); samahani kukusumbua = sorry to bother you; bila shaka = of course, without doubt; imebadilika = has changed (perfect -me-, recognition item previewing Chapter 19); badala ya = instead of. These are recognition items at this stage.
Maswali ya ufahamu — Comprehension questions:
- Nadia anamwalika Kofi kwenye nini? (What does Nadia invite Kofi to?)
- Kwa nini Kofi hawezi kuja Jumamosi asubuhi? (Why can't Kofi come Saturday morning?)
- Karamu itaanza saa ngapi, na wapi? (What time will the party start, and where?)
- Ni watu wangapi watakaokuwepo karamuni, hivi karibuni? (About how many people will be at the party?)
- Nini kilibadilika kwenye mazungumzo ya pili? (What changed in the second conversation?)
Listening
Ask your instructor, a partner, or a text-to-speech tool to read the following short passages aloud, twice each. Complete the tasks below as you listen.
Mazungumzo A — Mwaliko wa mkutano
"Habari, Peter. Tunaweza kukutana kesho kuzungumzia mradi wetu? Nataka kukuonyesha mipango yangu. Je, unaweza saa nne asubuhi? Tunaweza kukutana ofisini, au kwenye mkahawa karibu na chuo, ikiwa unapenda hivyo."
Mazungumzo B — Kukubali na kukataa
"A: Je, unaweza kuja kwenye tamasha wiki ijayo? B: Kwa bahati mbaya, sitaweza kuja Ijumaa. Nina safari. Lakini nitaweza kuja Jumamosi. A: Vizuri! Tukutane Jumamosi basi, saa tatu, langoni."
Mazungumzo C — Mabadiliko ya mpango
"Tulikuwa na mpango wa kukutana saa mbili, lakini sasa hatutaweza. Mkutano wangu umeahirishwa hadi saa nne. Tunaweza kukutana baadaye badala yake? Nitakupigia simu nikimaliza."
Kazi A — Sababu (Reason): Listen to Mazungumzo A. Write down the proposed activity, the two possible times or places offered, and what Peter is asked to look at.
Kazi B — Kukubali au kukataa? (Accept or decline?): Listen to Mazungumzo B. Write down which day is declined, which day is accepted, and the final confirmed time and place.
Kazi C — Nini kilibadilika? (What changed?): Listen to Mazungumzo C. Write down the original time, the new time, and what the speaker promises to do.
Listening Script for Instructor, Partner, or Text-to-Speech Use. See Answer Key for expected responses.
Reading
Read the following short texts. Look for future forms, invitation and response frames, and confirmed arrangements as you read.
Maandishi 1 — Ujumbe wa mwaliko
Habari zenu, marafiki!
Ninafurahi kuwaalika kwenye sherehe ndogo nyumbani kwangu, mwishoni mwa wiki ijayo. Tutakutana Jumamosi, saa mbili jioni. Kutakuwa na chakula, muziki, na mazungumzo mazuri. Tafadhali nijulishe kama utaweza kuja, ili niweze kupanga vizuri.
Nina lengo la kukusanya marafiki wote wa darasa letu la Kiswahili kabla ya likizo. Natumaini tutaonana!
Kwa upendo,
Amara
Vocabulary note: ninafurahi = I'm happy; nijulishe = let me know (recognition item); ili = so that; kukusanya = to gather; natumaini = I hope. These are recognition items.
Maandishi 2 — Jibu la mwaliko
Amara mpendwa,
Asante sana kwa mwaliko wako! Nitafurahi kuja kwenye sherehe yako. Nitakuwepo Jumamosi saa mbili jioni, kama ulivyosema. Naweza kuleta kitu chochote?
Kwa bahati mbaya, Tariq hataweza kuja — ana safari ya kazi wiki hiyo. Lakini atakupigia simu kukueleza zaidi.
Tuonane Jumamosi!
Kofi
Vocabulary note: mpendwa = dear (address form); kama ulivyosema = as you said (recognition item); kitu chochote = anything; kukueleza = to explain to you. These are recognition items.
Maswali ya ufahamu — Comprehension questions:
- Amara anawaalika marafiki zake kwenye nini, na lini? (What does Amara invite her friends to, and when?)
- Kofi atakuja saa ngapi? (What time will Kofi come?)
- Kwa nini Tariq hataweza kuja? (Why won't Tariq be able to come?)
- In Maandishi 1, find two future-tense verbs and identify their subject markers.
- In Maandishi 2, find one object marker used inside a future verb. What does it refer to?
Writing Workshop
- Soma mfano. Reread Maandishi 1 and Maandishi 2 above. Underline every future-tense verb. Circle the sentences that state activity, time, and place together.
- Panga mawazo yako. Choose an event you would like to invite a friend to. Decide the activity, the day and time, and the place.
- Andika rasimu yako ya kwanza. Write a short invitation message (five to seven sentences) using Nakualika or a similar frame, stating the activity, day, time, and place, and asking whether the person can come.
- Andika jibu. Write a response to your own invitation as if you were the invited friend — either accepting and confirming the details, or politely declining and proposing an alternative day.
- Kagua kwa orodha hapa chini. Check both messages against the editing checklist before writing final versions.
Orodha ya ukaguzi — Editing checklist:
- Every future verb uses the correct subject marker and keeps -ta-, including in the negative.
- The invitation clearly states activity, day, time, and place.
- A decline includes a polite softening expression, such as kwa bahati mbaya or samahani.
- Object markers are used correctly when referring to a person already mentioned.
- Courtesy expressions — asante, tafadhali — appear where appropriate.
- Each sentence ends with correct punctuation and begins with a capital letter.
Kazi ya ziada — Additional task: Write a short follow-up message revising one detail of your plan (a new time or place), similar to Kofi's second phone call in the Model Dialogue.
Speaking Practice
Mazoezi ya msingi — Controlled practice
With a partner, take turns inviting each other to three different events (a party, a meeting, and a trip) using Nakualika or Tunaweza kukutana. Respond to each invitation with either an acceptance or a polite decline with a reason.
Mchezo wa maswali — Question game
Take turns asking and answering these questions. Give full-sentence answers in Swahili.
- Utafanya nini wikendi hii?
- Unataka kusafiri wapi mwaka ujao?
- Tunaweza kukutana lini wiki hii?
- Una mpango gani kwa likizo?
- Ungependa kunialika kwenye nini? (recognition — respond using taught forms)
Uwasilishaji mfupi — Short presentation
Without using your notes, describe a plan you have made with a friend or classmate: what you will do, when, and where. Include at least one object marker and one use of tunaweza. Your partner listens and then asks two follow-up questions.
Mbadala wa kujifunza peke yako — Solo alternative
Record yourself leaving a voice message inviting a friend to an event, including activity, day, time, and place. Then record a second message as if you were that friend, responding with an acceptance or a decline and an alternative. Listen back and check your future-tense forms and object markers.
Culture and Communication
Attitudes toward punctuality and timing vary across settings, professions, and individuals in Swahili-speaking communities, just as they do elsewhere. A formal business appointment or a scheduled examination typically calls for arriving on time, while a social gathering among friends may allow more flexibility about the exact start time. Neither approach should be presented as the single "Swahili" or "East African" way of managing time — context, relationship, and setting all matter.
Invitations to a home, meal, or celebration are often accompanied by warmth and generosity, and guests are commonly encouraged to eat, stay, or participate more than they initially planned. At the same time, individuals and households vary widely in how they extend and receive hospitality, and learners should not assume that every gathering follows an identical pattern. Expressing genuine thanks — asante sana — for an invitation, whether accepted or declined, is broadly appropriate.
A direct, unexplained "no" can sound abrupt in many social contexts. Softening expressions such as kwa bahati mbaya (unfortunately) or samahani (sorry), paired with a brief reason and, where appropriate, a proposed alternative, are common ways to decline while preserving the relationship. This is a general tendency rather than an absolute rule, and directness is also valued in many settings, particularly among close friends or in fast-moving practical arrangements.
Common Mistakes
Error: Sikuji (intended as "I will not come," modeled on present-negative -i endings)
Correction: Sitakuja — Future negation keeps the tense marker -ta- and only changes the subject marker to its negative form. Present-tense negative patterns, which drop -na- and often change the final vowel, do not apply to the future. Always check which tense you are negating before choosing a pattern.
Error: Saa mbili. (stated alone as if it settles the entire plan)
Correction: Tutakutana saa mbili, mkahawani. — A time alone does not confirm a plan. State the activity or verb, the time, and the place together so both people share the same understanding, following the pattern practiced in this chapter's Language Building Block.
Error: Sitaweza kuja. (used alone, with no acknowledgment of the invitation)
Correction: Asante kwa mwaliko, lakini kwa bahati mbaya sitaweza kuja. — A bare decline can sound abrupt. Acknowledge the invitation, use a softening expression, and, where appropriate, offer a brief reason or an alternative. This is a matter of pragmatics, not grammatical correctness — the shorter sentence is not "wrong," but it is less courteous in most social contexts.
Error: Nitapigia kuku simu (object marker omitted or placed incorrectly, producing an unclear sentence)
Correction: Nitakupigia simu. — The object marker occupies a fixed position: subject marker + tense marker + object marker + verb root + final vowel. In ni-ta-ku-pigi-a, the object marker -ku- ("you") sits directly before the verb root, not after the complete verb.
Error: Assuming that any sentence containing kesho (tomorrow) must automatically be correct without checking the verb
Correction: A time expression like kesho signals future meaning, but the verb itself must still carry the tense marker -ta-: Kesho nitakuja, not Kesho ninakuja if genuine future time is intended. Tense marking on the verb, not the time word alone, carries the primary grammatical information in Swahili.
Chapter Review
Sehemu A — Msamiati (Vocabulary)
1. Write the Swahili word (with plural where applicable) for: meeting, invitation, plan, goal, appointment, celebration.
2. Give three fixed courtesy expressions used when accepting or declining an invitation.
3. Write in Swahili: "next week" / "the day after tomorrow" / "at the weekend."
4. What is the difference in use between kukubali and kukataa?
5. Write the Swahili expressions for: "I invite you" / "Can you come?" / "Unfortunately, I can't."
Sehemu B — Sarufi (Grammar)
1. Give the affirmative and negative future forms for each.
- mimi + kufika
- yeye + kualika
- ninyi + kusafiri
2. Insert the correct object marker into each future verb.
- Nita_____ona kesho. (them)
- Tuta_____alika. (you, singular)
- Ata_____pigia simu. (us)
3. Identify and correct the error in each sentence.
- Sikuji Jumamosi. (Is this correct? If not, correct it.)
- Tutaonana. Saa ngapi? Mahali gani? (What is missing to make this a complete confirmed plan?)
4. True or false? Explain your answer in one sentence: "Future negation follows the same pattern as present negation."
5. Translate into Swahili: "We can meet tomorrow at the café."
Sehemu C — Usomaji (Reading)
1. In Maandishi 1, list every future-tense verb and identify its subject marker.
2. In Maandishi 2, explain why Tariq cannot attend and what he will do instead.
3. Compare the two messages: which pieces of information (activity, day, time, place) does each one confirm?
Sehemu D — Uandishi (Writing)
1. Write an invitation and a response confirming details, including at least four future-tense verbs, one object marker, and one softening or courtesy expression.
Sehemu E — Kuzungumza (Speaking)
1. Without notes, invite a partner (or yourself, aloud) to an event, including activity, day, time, and place. Respond either accepting or declining with a reason.
Mapitio ya jumla — Cumulative review (from earlier chapters)
1. Describe what you did last weekend using past -li- (Chapter 16), then say what you will do next weekend using future -ta-.
2. Ask for and give directions (Chapter 11) to the place where your planned event will happen.
3. State one ability or necessity (Chapter 13) related to preparing for the event, such as Ninahitaji kununua chakula.
Chapter Performance Task
Kazi ya Utendaji
Kupanga Mkutano wa Kikundi — Negotiating a Group Plan
Work with two or three partners (or take multiple roles independently) to negotiate a group plan for an event of your choosing — a meal, a trip, or a celebration. Then complete the following tasks:
- Speaking: Propose the event using tunaweza, invite the group, and negotiate a day, time, and place until everyone agrees. Include at least one instance of declining an original suggestion and proposing an alternative.
- Interaction: Each participant must confirm the arrangement using a complete statement of activity, time, and place.
- Writing: Submit a written version of the final arrangement — six to eight sentences — as a message you might send to confirm the plan with everyone involved. Apply the editing checklist from the Writing Workshop section before submitting.
If you are studying independently: role-play both the invitation and at least one response, including one revision to the original plan, recording yourself in each role. In your written version, include the original proposal, the change, and the final confirmed arrangement.
Answer Key / Ufunguo wa Majibu
Mazoezi A — Wakati ujao (Future tense)
- Nitakuja / Sitakuja
- Watafika / Hawatafika
- Tutakutana / Hatutakutana
- Atakualika / Hatakualika
- Utasafiri / Hutasafiri
Mazoezi B — Mialiko na majibu (Invitations and responses — model answers)
- Nakualika kwenye sherehe ya kuzaliwa Jumamosi. / Ndiyo, nitakuja. Asante kwa mwaliko. / Samahani, siwezi kuja Jumamosi. Nina shughuli nyingine. Tunaweza kukutana siku nyingine?
- Tunaweza kukutana kesho asubuhi kwa mkutano. / Ndiyo, nitakuja saa mbili asubuhi. / Kwa bahati mbaya, sitaweza kesho asubuhi. Naweza kuja mchana badala yake?
- Nataka kusafiri pamoja nawe mwezi ujao. Unaweza? / Ndiyo, nitaweza! Tupange lini? / Samahani, sitaweza mwezi ujao. Nina shughuli nyingine.
Other accurate, well-formed invitations and responses are equally acceptable. Check future-tense forms and courtesy expressions carefully.
Mazoezi C — Vitu vinavyorejewa (Object markers)
- Nitakuona kesho.
- Tutawaalika kwenye sherehe.
- Atatupigia simu leo jioni.
- Mtanikumbuka daima.
Dialogue Comprehension
- Nadia anamwalika Kofi kwenye karamu yake wiki ijayo. (Nadia invites Kofi to her party next week.)
- Kofi hawezi kuja Jumamosi asubuhi kwa sababu ana miadi na daktari. (Kofi can't come Saturday morning because he has a doctor's appointment.)
- Karamu itaanza saa mbili jioni, nyumbani kwa Nadia. (The party will start at eight in the evening, at Nadia's house.)
- Watakuwa watu wanane hivi. (There will be about eight people.)
- Miadi ya Kofi ilibadilika, kwa hiyo ataweza kufika mapema zaidi — saa moja badala ya saa mbili. (Kofi's appointment changed, so he'll be able to arrive earlier — seven instead of eight.)
Listening Responses
Kazi A (Mazungumzo A): Proposed activity — kukutana kuzungumzia mradi (meeting to discuss the project); two options offered — saa nne asubuhi ofisini, au mkahawani karibu na chuo; Peter is asked to look at — mipango (plans).
Kazi B (Mazungumzo B): Declined — Ijumaa (Friday); accepted — Jumamosi (Saturday); confirmed time/place — saa tatu, langoni (at the gate).
Kazi C (Mazungumzo C): Original time — saa mbili; new time — saa nne; the speaker promises — kupiga simu akimaliza (to call once finished).
Reading Comprehension
- Amara anawaalika marafiki zake kwenye sherehe ndogo nyumbani kwake, mwishoni mwa wiki ijayo, Jumamosi saa mbili jioni. (Amara invites her friends to a small party at her house, next weekend, Saturday at eight in the evening.)
- Kofi atakuja saa mbili jioni. (Kofi will come at eight in the evening.)
- Tariq hataweza kuja kwa sababu ana safari ya kazi wiki hiyo. (Tariq can't come because he has a work trip that week.)
- Accept any two correctly identified future verbs, e.g.: tutakutana (tu- subject marker); kutakuwa (impersonal ku- subject marker, recognition); niweze (subjunctive, recognition item — not required).
- atakupigia — object marker -ku- refers to Amara ("you," the letter's recipient).
Chapter Review — Sehemu B
Question 1 (future forms):
- Nitafika / Sitafika
- Atakualika / Hatakualika
- Mtasafiri / Hamtasafiri
Question 2 (object markers): Nitawaona kesho. Tutakualika. Atatupigia simu.
Question 3 (error correction):
- Sikuji Jumamosi — Error: present-negative pattern used with future meaning. Correction: Sitakuja Jumamosi.
- Tutaonana. Saa ngapi? Mahali gani? — Missing: a stated time and place to make the plan complete, e.g., Tutaonana saa mbili, mkahawani.
Question 4: False. Future negation keeps the tense marker -ta- and only changes the subject marker to its negative form; present negation drops -na- and often changes the final vowel. The two patterns are different.
Question 5: Tunaweza kukutana kesho mkahawani.
Looking Ahead
Unachojua sasa — What you know now
You can now discuss future plans and personal goals with full control of person agreement in both affirmative and negative future forms. You have learned to invite someone, accept, decline politely, and negotiate an alternative, and you can confirm a plan by stating activity, time, and place together. You have also practiced placing object markers inside future verbs, and you have contrasted future negation with the present-negative patterns learned earlier. These planning tools will support the connected narration and comparison you begin in the next two chapters.