Practical Trades Manual Series
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Residential Roofing — Book 5: Underlayment, Shingles, Flashing, Gutters, and Water Control

Chapter 5

Install Synthetic Roof Underlayment

Install a continuous synthetic roof underlayment over an inspected deck, required eave metal, and self-adhered membrane, maintaining correct courses, laps, fastening, and temporary weather protection, and complete the rake drip-edge installation carried over from Chapter 3 in the correct relationship to the underlayment.

Field Cue System

These cues appear at the point of work. They identify safety, code, manufacturer, and measurement issues before they become rework or hazards.

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Safety Cue

Task-specific safety guidance for ordinary work hazards.

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Critical Safety Cue

Serious injury, fall, or major damage is possible.

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Field Safety Cue

Practical work-area safety: footing, weather, housekeeping, and access.

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Code Alert

Local requirements vary. Verify permit, inspection, and jurisdictional rules.

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Manufacturer Cue

Follow product-specific instructions for materials, fastening schedules, and equipment.

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Measurement Cue

Slope, span, clearance, and reference-point guidance.

Job Overview

This chapter qualifies you to install a continuous synthetic underlayment system over a deck that has already passed inspection, received required eave drip edge, and received required self-adhered membrane at eaves, valleys, and vulnerable transitions. The finished work product is a fully covered roof plane with correctly shingle-lapped underlayment courses, specified end and side laps, approved fastening, and a documented record of product, course layout, and inspection results.

You will establish a first-course reference parallel to the eave, stage and orient rolls correctly, install the first course and successive upper courses with the specified overlap, increase laps at low slopes and special details, stagger vertical joints where required, cut around penetrations, complete the rake drip-edge installation from Chapter 3 in the correct relationship to the underlayment, repair any damage, and secure the finished surface against the expected exposure period.

This chapter depends directly on Chapter 3's eave metal and Chapter 4's self-adhered membrane, and it produces the surface that Chapter 6 will use to establish shingle-layout control lines. No layout, starter strip, or shingle work may proceed over underlayment that has not passed this chapter's inspection.

Skills You Will Demonstrate

  • RF-025 — Roll and position synthetic underlayment courses using the approved reference line, orientation, and course direction.
  • RF-026 — Maintain horizontal courses aligned to the eave and to established control references.
  • RF-027 — Overlap seams at the specified end and side lap dimensions, including increased laps at low slopes, valleys, hips, ridges, walls, and penetrations.
  • RF-028 — Fasten underlayment using the approved fastener type, zone, and spacing.
  • RF-029 — Protect underlayment from wrinkles, stretching, trapped debris, and damage during installation.
  • RF-030 — Inspect the completed surface for continuous water-shedding coverage and document product, layout, and repairs.

Where This Skill Fits

Chapter 1 established a documented, ready deck. Chapter 2 established compliant roof access. Chapter 3 installed eave drip edge and staged rake drip edge. Chapter 4 installed self-adhered membrane at eaves, valleys, and vulnerable transitions. This chapter installs the continuous underlayment field that ties those layers together and completes the rake drip-edge installation in its correct sequence relative to the underlayment.

The underlayment surface you complete here is the reference surface for Chapter 6's layout lines, Chapter 7's starter strips, and every shingle, valley, and flashing chapter that follows. A gap, reverse lap, or unsecured sheet left in this chapter becomes a concealed defect once shingles cover it.

Scope and Intended Use

This chapter covers:

  • reviewing the underlayment manufacturer's instructions, slope limits, fastening requirements, exposure limits, lap dimensions, repair methods, and roof-covering compatibility
  • confirming that deck inspection, required eave metal, self-adhered membrane, and concealed repairs are complete before underlayment begins
  • establishing the first-course reference and installing horizontal courses from the low roof edge upward with the specified end and side laps
  • increasing laps or applying special details at low slopes, valleys, hips, ridges, walls, and penetrations
  • completing the rake drip-edge installation from Chapter 3 where the approved system requires metal over the underlayment
  • repairing tears, punctures, wrinkles, loose edges, and misplaced fasteners with approved patches
  • inspecting the completed surface and securing it for the expected exposure period

This chapter does not authorize the learner to:

  • begin underlayment over a deck, eave metal, or membrane that has not passed the applicable prior-chapter inspection
  • install shingle-layout lines, starter strips, or field shingles; those tasks begin in Chapter 6 and later chapters
  • install rake drip edge in a location or sequence that conflicts with the approved roof-edge detail established in Chapter 3
  • leave exposed deck area beyond what can be covered and secured within the current work period and forecast weather window

Any underlayment surface that fails this chapter's inspection must be corrected, patched, or re-laid under this chapter's authorized methods before it is recorded complete and before Chapter 6 layout work begins over it.

Reference Conventions

Establish these references before installing the first course, and use them consistently across the layout record and inspection documentation.

TermDefinition
First-course reference lineThe chalked horizontal line parallel to the eave that controls the alignment of the first underlayment course
End lapThe overlap between the end of one underlayment sheet and the beginning of the next sheet in the same course
Side lapThe overlap between an upper course and the lower course beneath it, measured up-slope from the lower course's exposed edge
Manufacturer-designated faceThe printed or textured side of the underlayment that must face outward, as identified by the product instructions
Course directionThe direction in which courses progress up the roof plane, established by the manufacturer instructions and the first-course reference
Fastening zoneThe approved area of the sheet width where temporary and permanent fasteners may be placed
Special-detail lapAn increased or modified lap dimension required at low slopes, valleys, hips, ridges, walls, or penetrations

Underlayment Installation Record

Before beginning installation, record the controlling documents and product identification directly on the installation documentation form:

Project / address: ______     Roofing-system specification revision: ______     Prior-chapter acceptance references (Ch. 1 / Ch. 2 / Ch. 3 / Ch. 4): ______

Underlayment product and lot: ____________     Date started: ____________     Installer name: ____________

Prerequisites

Common Field Fundamentals

Underlayment installation follows the same shingle-lap water-flow principle that governs every layer in this book: each course must shed water onto the course beneath it, from the low roof edge to the ridge. Establishing a straight first-course reference, maintaining consistent laps, and fastening only in approved zones are the fundamentals that keep that principle intact across an entire roof plane.

First courseAligned to the eave reference line and the required eave relationship
Upper coursesOverlap the lower course by the specified side lap
End lapsOverlap within the same course by the specified end-lap dimension
Special-detail zonesLow slopes, valleys, hips, ridges, walls, penetrations — increased laps
FasteningApproved zones and spacing only; temporary and permanent fasteners as specified
Vertical jointsStaggered where required, oriented to reduce water entry
Rake drip edgeInstalled immediately after the applicable underlayment course where required over it
Exposure limitCover only the area that can be secured within the current work period and forecast

Course Installation and Lap Control

Begin at the low roof edge and align the first course to the required eave relationship. Unroll a controlled length without walking backward toward an unprotected edge, and smooth the sheet without stretching, wrinkling, or trapping debris. Install upper courses so each upper sheet overlaps the lower sheet by the specified side lap, and increase laps or apply required special details at low slopes, valleys, hips, ridges, walls, and penetrations.

RF-025 – RF-030

Water-Control Layer Installation

Synthetic Underlayment Installation and Inspection Record

Difficulty: Intermediate

Estimated Time: 3–6 hours

Estimated Cost: Moderate

Finished Work: Continuous, secured, shingle-lapped underlayment ready for layout and shingle installation

A. Finished-Work Specification

Deliverable: one continuous synthetic underlayment installation covering every accessible roof plane addressed in this work order, with first-course eave alignment, specified end and side laps throughout, increased laps or special details at low slopes, valleys, hips, ridges, walls, and penetrations, approved fastening, the Chapter 3 rake drip-edge installation completed in its required relationship to the underlayment, documented repairs, and a signed inspection record.

B. Governing Documents

DocumentConfirmed CurrentNotes
Underlayment manufacturer's instructions
Roofing-system specification
Chapter 1 deck-readiness record
Chapter 3 eave/rake drip-edge record
Chapter 4 membrane installation record
Adopted code and permit conditions

C. Acceptance Standards

CheckStandard
Prerequisite completionDeck inspection, eave metal, membrane, and concealed repairs confirmed complete before this work begins
First-course alignmentAligned to the chalked reference line and the required eave relationship on every plane
Face orientation and course directionMatches the manufacturer-designated face and direction
End lapsMeet the specified end-lap dimension at every sheet joint within a course
Side lapsMeet the specified side-lap dimension between every upper and lower course
Special-detail lapsIncreased or modified as required at low slopes, valleys, hips, ridges, walls, and penetrations
Vertical joint staggeringStaggered where required and oriented to reduce water entry
FasteningLocated only in approved zones at the required spacing, with no loose or missing fasteners
Rake drip-edge relationshipInstalled immediately after the applicable underlayment course where the approved system requires metal over the underlayment
Surface conditionFree of exposed deck, reverse laps, insufficient overlap, loose sheets, and trip hazards, or each item corrected and rechecked
DocumentationProduct, course layout, fastening, laps, repairs, and completion time recorded and signed

D. Required Project Sequence

  1. Review the underlayment manufacturer's instructions, roof-slope limits, fastening requirements, exposure limits, lap dimensions, repair methods, and compatibility with the roof covering. Confirm the product's minimum slope rating against every roof plane measured in Chapter 1, and record the confirmed lap dimensions on the governing-documents table above.
  2. Confirm that deck inspection, required eave metal, self-adhered membrane, and concealed repairs are complete. Locate the Chapter 1, Chapter 3, and Chapter 4 acceptance records. If any is missing or shows an open item, stop this chapter and route the project back to the responsible chapter before continuing.
  3. Verify weather conditions and limit exposed deck area to what can be protected during the work period. Check the forecast against the estimated time to cover and secure each roof plane, and plan the work sequence so no section remains uncovered beyond that window.
  4. Establish the first-course reference parallel to the eave. Measure from the eave edge using the eave relationship specified by the roofing-system specification, and snap a chalk line across the full width of the roof plane.
  5. Stage rolls so they cannot slide, blow away, overload the roof, or block access. Distribute rolls within the approved roof-load limits established for this project and keep them clear of the access path established in Chapter 2.
  6. Orient the underlayment with the manufacturer-designated face and course direction. Confirm orientation on the roll label before cutting or unrolling the first sheet.
  7. Begin at the low roof edge and align the first course to the required eave relationship. Position the sheet edge to the chalked reference line from Step 4 before fastening.
  8. Unroll a controlled length without walking backward toward an unprotected edge. Unroll in sections short enough to control, and maintain a fall-protection connection throughout.
  9. Smooth the sheet without stretching, wrinkling, or trapping debris. Work from the center of the sheet outward toward both edges and both ends.
  10. Install temporary and permanent fasteners only in approved zones and at the required spacing. Use the fastener type and spacing identified in the manufacturer's instructions and confirmed on the governing-documents table.
  11. Continue the first course while maintaining alignment and end laps. Check alignment against the chalked reference line at regular intervals and correct drift immediately.
  12. Install upper courses so each upper sheet overlaps the lower sheet by the specified amount. Measure the side lap at multiple points along each course before fastening.
  13. Increase laps or use required special details at low slopes, valleys, hips, ridges, walls, and penetrations. Apply the manufacturer's special-detail instructions at each identified condition rather than the standard field lap.
  14. Keep vertical end joints staggered where required and oriented to reduce water entry. Offset end joints between adjacent courses according to the manufacturer's stagger requirement.
  15. Cut neatly around penetrations and integrate the sheet with existing membrane in shingle-lap order. Trim underlayment so the upper layer sheds onto the lower membrane and roofing layers at every penetration.
  16. Complete the rake drip-edge installation from Chapter 3 where the approved system requires metal over the underlayment. Install the prepared rake pieces staged in Chapter 3 immediately after the underlayment course that must pass beneath them, maintaining the approved edge and underlayment relationship.
  17. Fold, lap, or terminate underlayment at ridges and hips according to the ventilation and roofing plan. Leave the termination in the condition required for the ridge-vent or ridge-cap work planned in Chapter 13 or Chapter 14.
  18. Repair tears, punctures, wrinkles, loose edges, and misplaced fasteners using approved patches and fasteners. Use the manufacturer-approved patch dimensions and method, and record each repair location.
  19. Inspect the entire surface for exposed deck, reverse laps, insufficient overlap, loose sheets, trip hazards, and drainage interruptions. Walk the full accessible surface using the fall-protection system, checking against the Acceptance Standards table above.
  20. Secure the underlayment for the expected exposure period and forecast conditions. Confirm all fastening is complete and no section remains loose before ending the work period.
  21. Photograph and record product, course layout, fastening, laps, repairs, and completion time. Attach photographs to the installation record and complete the documentation form established in Step 1.

Common Underlayment Installation Checks

Apply the same checks to every roof plane covered in this chapter, regardless of plane size or configuration.

Complete the Underlayment Inspection Record in the Inspection Checklist section below before beginning Chapter 6.

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Recommended image: a chalked first-course reference line at the eave with the first underlayment sheet aligned to it.
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Recommended image: an upper course overlapping a lower course, with a tape measure showing the specified side-lap dimension.
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Recommended image: an increased-lap special detail at a valley or low-slope transition, labeled with the applicable dimension.
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Recommended image: rake drip-edge metal installed over the underlayment immediately after the applicable course, showing the required edge relationship.
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Recommended image: an underlayment patch repair at a puncture or tear, showing the approved patch dimensions and placement.
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Recommended image: a completed roof plane fully covered with underlayment, staged for Chapter 6 layout work.

Failure Points and Troubleshooting

Cleanup

This chapter ends with a fully secured underlayment surface and an organized installation record, not loose rolls and unlogged repairs.

Field Terms

First-Course Reference Line
The chalked horizontal line parallel to the eave that controls the alignment of the first underlayment course.
End Lap
The overlap between the end of one underlayment sheet and the beginning of the next sheet in the same course.
Side Lap
The overlap between an upper course and the lower course beneath it.
Manufacturer-Designated Face
The printed or textured side of the underlayment that must face outward per the product instructions.
Special-Detail Lap
An increased or modified lap dimension required at low slopes, valleys, hips, ridges, walls, or penetrations.
Fastening Zone
The approved area of the sheet width where temporary and permanent fasteners may be placed.
Fishmouth
A raised, unsealed gap in the underlayment surface, often at a wrinkle or improperly lapped joint, that can trap water or debris.
Course Direction
The direction in which courses progress up the roof plane, established by the manufacturer instructions and first-course reference.
Rake Drip Edge
Edge metal along the sloped roof edge, installed over the underlayment where the approved roofing system requires that relationship.
Exposure Limit
The maximum time or area an underlayment product may remain exposed to weather before roof covering is installed.

Skill Check

  1. What four chapters must be complete and accepted before underlayment installation may begin, and why does each matter?
  2. How is the first-course reference line established, and what happens to every later course if that line is inaccurate?
  3. What is the difference between an end lap and a side lap, and where is each measured?
  4. Name three roof conditions that require an increased or special-detail lap rather than the standard field lap.
  5. Why must the rake drip-edge installation from Chapter 3 happen immediately after the applicable underlayment course rather than after the whole plane is covered?
  6. What must a learner do if the exposed deck area at the end of a work period exceeds what has been secured?
  7. What causes a wrinkle or fishmouth during installation, and how is it corrected before the next course is installed over it?
  8. Why must fasteners remain within the approved fastening zone, and what must be done if one is found outside it?
  9. What six categories of information must be recorded in the underlayment installation documentation?
  10. Why does the underlayment surface completed in this chapter matter to the layout work performed in Chapter 6?

Competency Rubric

CompetencyIndependent Pass StandardNot DemonstratedWith AssistanceIndependently
RF-025Rolls and positions underlayment courses to the approved reference line, orientation, and course direction
RF-026Maintains horizontal courses aligned to the eave and established control references throughout the roof plane
RF-027Overlaps seams at the specified end and side lap dimensions, including increased laps at required special-detail zones
RF-028Fastens underlayment using the approved fastener type, zone, and spacing with no missed or misplaced fasteners
RF-029Installs underlayment free of wrinkles, stretching, trapped debris, and damage, correcting any defect found
RF-030Inspects the completed surface for continuous water-shedding coverage and produces a complete documentation record

Mark one column per competency. Only Demonstrated Independently awards the competency; Demonstrated with Assistance authorizes additional supervised practice but does not complete the requirement.

Inspection Checklist — Underlayment Installation Record

ItemCondition FoundCorrection RequiredCorrected (Y/N)Reinspection Result
First-course alignment
Face orientation / course direction
End laps
Side laps
Special-detail laps (low slope / valley / hip / ridge / wall / penetration)
Vertical joint staggering
Fastening zone / spacing
Rake drip-edge relationship
Surface condition (wrinkles / debris / exposed deck)
Repairs completed

Underlayment inspection result: ______ (Accepted / Corrections Required / Stop-Work)     Date: ____________     Inspector name: ____________

Performance Check

With installation complete, review the Underlayment Installation Record against the Acceptance Standards table and confirm every accessible roof plane is fully covered, the first course is aligned to the chalked reference line, every end and side lap meets the specified dimension including special-detail zones, fastening falls only within approved zones at the required spacing, the surface is free of wrinkles, trapped debris, exposed deck, and reverse laps, the rake drip-edge relationship from Chapter 3 is correctly completed, and all repairs are documented. Sign the underlayment inspection result before beginning Chapter 6. If any section cannot be verified from an available position, record it as an open item and issue a corrections-required result rather than a full acceptance.

Chapter Closeout

You have completed the fifth chapter in the roof-installation sequence: installing a continuous synthetic underlayment system and completing the Chapter 3 rake drip-edge relationship. This chapter required you to roll and position underlayment courses (RF-025), maintain horizontal course alignment (RF-026), overlap seams at specified end and side laps (RF-027), fasten underlayment within approved zones (RF-028), protect the underlayment from wrinkles and damage (RF-029), and inspect and document the completed water-shedding surface (RF-030).

You now have a continuous, secured, shingle-lapped underlayment surface with the rake drip-edge relationship completed in its correct sequence. That surface carries directly into the next chapter: establishing the horizontal and vertical shingle-layout control lines that every starter strip and shingle course in this book will follow.

Store the completed underlayment installation record, photographs, and repair documentation with the project record. Chapter 6 requires this record before establishing layout lines.